58 PERCY SLADEN TRUST EXPEDITION 



viz. thin fan-shaped corallum, small corallites each with not more than thirty septa, 

 usually twenty-four ; but It has the rougher fades of E. gemmacea, the resemblance to 

 E. lamellosa being due to Its having been an edge piece. Two specimens are referred 

 by Klunzinger to his new species E. carduus, but this is only a variety of the present 

 species, having long, rough costal spines. Klunzinger's figured type (14 x 9"5 x 7 cm.) 

 of Orbicella mammillosa is in no way different from Milne Edwards and Haime's examples 

 o? Heliastrcea forskcBlana, and like them undoubtedly belongs to E. gemmacea. A large 

 specimen from Dar-es-salaam named E. hemprichi, Ed. and H., by Ortmann also belongs 

 to the present species. 



Of the "Pola" specimens in the Hofmuseum, Vienna, which come under the present 

 species, Marenzeller referred three to Orbicella forskalana, two to E. ehrenhergi, and 

 seven excellent examples to E. fruticulosa, the largest measuring 34 x 30 x 30 cm. ; these 

 latter have incrusting coralla with the typical gemmacea facias, but are raised in places 

 into branching hillocks with the fruticulosa facias, thus affording conclusive proof that 

 E. fruticulosa is only a skeletal variation of E. gemmacea. 



Localities. Red Sea (13) and broken pieces of fruticulosa facies. Also from tha 

 Indian Ocean and Seychelles (Milne Edwards and Haime), Dar-es-salaam (Ortmann). 

 A common species in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. 



GALAXEA (OKEN). 



1815. Galaxea (pars), Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., i, p. 72. 



1816. Sarcinula (pars), Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans vert., ii, p. 222. 

 1816. Caryophyllia (pars), Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans vert., ii, p. 224. 

 1820. Anthophyllum (pai's), Sohweigger, Handb. Naturg., p. 417. 

 1834. AnthophyUu7ti, Ehrenberg, Corall. roth. Meer., p. 89. 



1848. Sarcinula, Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., ZooL, •3'= ser., x, p. 310. 



1851. Galaxea, Milne Edwards and Haime, Pol. foss. terr. palseoz., etc., p. 70. 



1857. Galaxea, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., ii, p. 223. 



1879. Galaxea, Klunzinger, Korall. Roth. Meer., ii, p. 77. 



1884. Galaxea, Duncan, Journ. Linn. Soo. London, ZooL, xviii, p. 118. 



1899. Galaxea, Gardiner, Proc. Zool. Soo. London, Zool., p. 762. 



1904. Galaxea, Gardiner, Fauna Geogr. Maldives and Laccadives, ii, p. 782. 



Corallum. Distinct peritheca between the corallites which pass through it and 

 stand up above its surface, so as to appear quite separate. Peritheca formed of arched 

 vesicles varying from '75 x "5 mm. to 2x1 mm., arranged in alternating tiers and 

 appearing like blisters on the surface. Colonies rather massive, but generally much 

 bored into below, this tending to break them up. Corallites from 2 to 8'5 mm. across 

 somewhat conical. Septa generally markedly exsert, sloping obliquely towards a columella 

 formed by their fused ends, almost flat above and dropping somewhat vertically to 

 the costse, which are only conspicuous near the margins. Orders of septa from 3 to 5. 



Polyps. Varying in size. Edge-zones extending over the free surfaces of corallites 

 and continuing as the ccsnosarc over peritheca. Mesenteries forming two to four cycles, 

 first two always complete, each of six couples ; primaries meeting stomodaeum, third cycle 

 sometimes incomplete, the fourth when present incomplete ; all with filaments. Tentacles 

 corresponding in number and position with entocceles and exocoeles, each with a large 



