DENDY—REPORT ON THE CALCAREOUS SPONGES 23 
All the above descriptions and measurements (1—8) are taken from spicules in 
sections, and not from boiled-out preparations, in which the isolated spicules cannot be 
referred with absolute certainty to their proper positions. 
Microxea closely similar to those of this species occur abundantly on both dermal and 
gastral surfaces of Grantia labyrinthica [Dendy 1891, A]. 
Register Nos., Localities, de. xc. 4, A, B, Cargados Carajos, 1.9.05, B. 29, 
45 fathoms. 
Genus Leucanpra Haeckel (emend.). 
Sponge usually a single person, or a colony of persons in which the component 
individuals are readily recognizable. Canal system leuconoid. Skeleton of chamber layer 
more or less confused, but frequently with vestiges of an articulate tubar skeleton in the 
form of subgastral or other sagittal radiates. Dermal skeleton of tangentially placed 
triradiates, which may sometimes develop an apical ray. Colossal longitudinally placed 
oxea, when occurring in the dermal cortex, never forming a smooth layer, but always 
projecting conspicuously from the surface. 
Section A. 
With large, usually radially arranged oxea, but without microxea. 
11. Leucandra echinata Schuttner. 
(Plate 2, fig. 4.) 
Leucandra echinata Schuffner [1877]. 
Leucandra echinata Ridley [1884]. 
? Leucona echinata Carter [1886]. 
2 Leucandra echinata Dendy [1892]. 
Schuffner originally described his Lewcandra echinata from Mauritius, and I have no 
hesitation in identifying two specimens in the “Sealark” collection with his species. The 
spicules were figured by Schuffner, but as the external form has not yet been figured 
I give a photograph of one of the “Sealark” specimens (Plate 2, fig. 4). 
Carter, in describing his Lewconia echinata from near Port Phillip Heads, Australia, 
makes no mention of Schuftner, and it is very doubtful whether he intended an identi- 
fication of the Australian with the Indian Ocean species. The two are, however, 
evidently very closely related and may be specifically identical, for my own observations 
on Australian specimens indicate a wide range of variation. It is even possible that both 
the Australian and Indian Ocean forms may ultimately be regarded as varieties of the 
European Leucandra aspera (O. Schmidt), but a complete revision of the species of 
Leucandra will be required to settle this and similar questions. 
Previously known Distribution. Mauritius (Schuffner); Amirantes (Ridley) ; 
? Australia (Carter and Dendy). 
Register Nos., Locality, &c. uxxxix. 1, xc. 4, C, both from Cargados Carajos, 
B. 29, 1.9.05, 45 fathoms. 

