detected in the cave in 1989. The temperature of this cave was 

 not recorded. 



Big Ice Cave (T. 8 S., R. 27 E., Sec. 3, Carbon Co., MT; 

 elevation: 2295 m) is located on USFS land in Douglas-fir forest. 

 The cave is cold (approximately 3° C) and ice is present in the 

 cave throughout the year (Cambell, 1978) • This cave is 

 approximately 50 m deep, and may be used as a winter hibernacula, 

 but no bat sign was detected there. The cave is a popular 

 tourist attraction, and has been subject to a great deal of 

 disturbance. 



Four by Four Cave (T. 9 S., R. 28 E. , Sec. 21, Carbon Co., MT; 

 elevation: 1662 m) is a small 8 m vertical sink on BLM land in 

 Utah juniper blacksage habitat. No bat sign was observed in this 

 cave, and given the cave's small size and openness, its use by 

 bats seems unlikely. 



Cambell (1978) states that the temperature of Frogg ' s Fault Cave 

 (T. 9 S.,R. 28 E., Sec. 16, Carbon Co., MT; elevation: 1835 m) 

 is 4.4 C, which is ideal for Plecotus townsendii roosting and 

 hibernacula sites (Center, 1986) . The cave is located on BLM 

 land in rock outcrop-forest. I did not visit this cave, as 

 technical equipment is required in order to enter it. It is 

 possible that it may be used by bats during the summer, and thus 

 netting or the use of a bat detector at the cave's entrance is 

 recommended . 



Keyhole Cave (T. 8. S., R. 27 E., Sec. 35, Carbon Co., MT; 

 elevation: 1707 m) is located in a steep portion of the east 

 canyon wall of Crooked Creek. The cave is on USFS land in rock 

 outcrop-forest. I attempted to access Keyhole Cave from below, 

 but was unsuccessful. It is unclear whether the cave can be 

 reached without technical gear. The cave opening is 26 m high 

 and 7 m wide, but the cave extends only approximately 2 m. 

 While the cave may be used by bats during the summer, its open 

 nature and shallow depth would likely allow extreme temperature 

 fluctuations making the cave unsuitable as a winter hibernaculum. 



Crater Ice Cave (T. 8 S., R. 27 E. , Sec. 6, Carbon Co., MT; 

 elevation: 2649 m) is located on USFS land in subalpine forest 

 and meadow, and Cambell (1978) states that the temperature of the 

 cave is 1 C. Crater Ice Cave consists of one 50 m diameter room 

 with 70 m of passage. While this cave may be used by bats during 

 the summer, the entrance is plugged by snow in winter into late 

 spring, and may not be usable by bats in winter. 



Several mining shafts (T. 9 S., R. 27 E., See's. 17, 8, 9, & 4, 

 Carbon Co., MT) along the Red Pryor Mountain road on BLM land 

 were given a cursory investigation during the 1989 field season. 

 All are deep (more than 100 m deep) . The shafts are cool (exact 

 temperature was not recorded) , and damp, some with standing 

 water. I did not travel into these beyond approximately 3 m, 



15 



