Beasley, L. E. and L. L. Getz. 1986. Comparison of demography of sympatric populations of 

 MICROTUS OCHROGASTER and SYNAPTOMYS COOPERI. Acta Theriologica 

 31:385-400. 



Both species followed multi-year cycles. Population changes and survival were similar, with lemmings showing 

 less dramatic changes during the cycle. 



Beckstrom, S. G. 1993. Food habits of boreal owl during brood-rearing in southwest Montana. 

 Unpubl. ms. 15 pp. 



Pellets from 10 nest boxes found CLETHRIONOMYS GAPPERI the most important food item (53.6%). 

 PHENACOMYS INTERMEDIUS was next most important with 20.7% biomass. Small mammals in general 

 were 99% of prey biomass. 8 SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS were found in 4 nests, comprising 0.7% of the diet. 



Booth, E. S. 1947. Systematic review of the land mammals of Washington. Ph.D. Thesis, 

 Wash. State Univ., Pullman. 



Good review of knowledge up to that time; has some locations missed by Dalquest (1947). Has information (by 

 subspecies) for all Washington land mammals and includes: dot maps, systematics, taxonomy, descriptions, and 

 habitat. For SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS: shows 2 locations in the North Cascade Mountains. Only subspecies 

 then known was WRANGELLI but Booth speculated others would be found farther east (he was right). 

 Description and measurements. Habitat is described as wet, boggy places in the mountains. 



Bursik, R. J. 1993. Fen vegetation and rare plant population monitoring in Cow Creek 

 Meadows and Smith Creek Research Natural Area, Selkirk Mountains, Idaho. 

 Cooperative Challenge Cost-share Project, Idaho Panhandle National Forests and Idaho 

 Conservation Data Center, Idaho Department of Fish and Game. 25 pp. 



Botanical exploration has revealed that Cow Creek Meadows, on the east slope of the Selkirk 

 Mountains, Idaho, are of extraordinary biodiversity value. Seven rare plant populations are known 

 from the meadows along with one rare animal (Northern Bog Lemming). In addition, grizzly bear 

 and woodland caribou are known to use the drainage during parts of the year. Human activities in 

 the form of cattle grazing, logging, and road building have had an impact on the meadows and are 

 seen as a potential threat to the sensitive plant and animal populations that occur there. In 1992, the 

 Idaho Fish and Game's Conservation Data Center and the Bonners Ferry Ranger District, Idaho 

 Panhandle National Forests, entered into a cooperative agreement to establish monitoring plots in 

 fen habitats of Cow Creek Meadows and Smith Creek RNA to ascertain whether logging and cattle 

 grazing are having negative effects on the sensitive plant populations in Cow Creek Meadows. 

 Smith Creek RNA is the confrol area for this study. Nine ECODATA plots were placed in the Cow 

 Creek Meadows and four were placed in Smith Creek RNA. An inventory of the vascular and 

 bryophyte floras were made in each area. One hundred and one vascular and bryophyte species 

 occur in the Cow Creek Meadows, making it one of the most floristically diverse peatland systems 

 in Idaho. Reanalysis of Cover Microplot data for each ECODATA plot is recommended at three- 

 to four-year intervals over the next 20 years or more to assess population and habitat trends. 

 Management recommendations are made, including a proposal to establish Cow Creek Meadows 

 as a Special Interest Botanical Area. 



Clark, B. K. and D. W. Kaufman. 1990. Short-term responses of small mammals to 

 experimental fire in tallgrass prairie. Can. J. Zool. 68:2450-2454. 



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