Gaines, M. S., C. L. Baker and A. M. Vivas. 1979. Demographic attributes of dispersing 

 southern bog lemmings (SYNAPTOMYS COOPERI) in eastern Kansas. Oecologica 

 (Berlin) 40:91-101. 



There was a positive correlation between lemming colonizing removal grids and density of control grids. 41% of 

 losses of control grids were accounted for by dispersal. Residents differed from dispersers by: 1) higher % 

 males; 2) lower % of adult females colonizing grids were in breeding condition; reversed for subadult females; 

 and 3) higher % subadulls. 



Gaines, M. S., R. K. Rose and L. R. McClenaghan, Jr. 1977. The demography of 



SYNAPTOMYS COOPERI populations in eastern Kansas. Can. J. Zool. 55:1584-1594. 



Annual and multi-year population cycles were found. Adult and juvenile survival was higher in winter than 

 summer. Breeding was higher in summer than winter, but occurred during both periods. 



Garton, E. R. 1977. Late Pleistocene and Recent mammals remains from two caves at 

 Bowden, West Virginia [abstract]. Proc. W. Virginia Academy Sci. 49:41 . 



Found SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS in a limestone cave; no time correlation could be done since they were in a 

 cave-stream deposit. 



Godin, A. J. 1977. Wild mammals of New England. Johns Hopkins University Press, 

 Baltimore. 304 pp. 



Popular account of the mammals of New England. Covers description, distribution, ecology, behavior, age and 

 sex determination, list of specimens examined, records and reports for each species. Literature references and 

 museum sources cited. 



Godin, A. J. 1977. Wild mammals of New England. Johns Hopkins University Press, 

 Baltimore. 304 pp. 



Popular account of the mammals of New England. Covers description, distribution, ecology, behavior, age and 

 sex determination, list of specimens examined, records and reports for each species. Literature references and 

 museum sources cited. SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS "occurs in cold sphagnum bogs, in bluebunch fields 

 malted with weeds, and in dense hemlock and beech woods" [does not match other literature for the area, ie. 

 Clough and Albright 1987]. Lemmings may build runways above ground or burrow in leaf litter. Nest is lined 

 with leaves, grasses, and sometimes fiir, and located either above or below ground. May be in small colonies or 

 burrows of other small mammals. Known to eat raspberry seeds and the fungus ENDOGONE. 



Green, M. M. 1930. Notes on some small Canadian mammals. Can. Field-Nat. 44:69. 



Two SYNAPTOMYS BOREALIS were taken near Pine Falls in Apr 1929. They were in an open tamarack bog 

 with SOREX HOYI and SOREX CINEREUS. In May 1929 a male was taken 50 miles north of Pas and had 

 side glands 1 1X7 mm. A female taken 8 May had 3 embryos 30 mm long. 



Groves, C. R. 1994. Effects of timber harvest on small mammals and amphibians in 

 old-growth coniferous forests on the Priest Lake Ranger District, Idalio Panhandle 



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