102 BIPEDS ANB QUADRUPEDS. 



hundred instead of twenty-five, the loss of the seven 

 hundred falls on the owner ; and the animal is only 

 on a par in point of exertion with the other, who 

 draws the twenty-five ; but if, under such disadvan_ 

 tages, we force the animal to draw the twenty-five, 

 then it is manifest the loss, or rather suffering, falls 

 upon the horse, and most cruelly do draught animals 

 suffer from such causes. Some persons may not be 

 aware that the trifling neglect of a pair of wheels 

 being comparatively dry, or well oiled, will cause 

 twenty miles to take far more out of a horse, than 

 would forty in the latter case ; yet wheels absolutely 

 screaming from dryness, are often seen and heard 

 attached to carts and waggons, and thus would the 

 ignorant beast in human form let them scream till 

 he had finished his journey's end, or his day's work, 

 though his horses were drawing from such cause at 

 least one ton in four of resistance more than they would 

 by the defect being attended to. Horses suffer most 

 severely from ill-fitting collars: if too small, they press 

 on the wind-pipe, producing a sensation of half stran- 

 gulation ; and here, in proof of this, I will mention a 



