tion. In the temperate western parts of Europe it is found of a size 

 never seen in any part of Asia or Africa: it thrives even in countries 

 in which nature had not originally planted it, and this applies to every 

 region of America, from the equator to Terra del Fuego. Over this wide 

 region, with some allowance for patent neglect, it is still the Spanish 

 horse introduced about three centuries ago. In the absence of powerful 

 carnivorous animals, and with abundant pasture, it there multiplies 

 much faster than it could at any time have done in any part of the 

 Old World, — so fast indeed as, in many cases, to have regained its liberty 

 and to have returned to its wild state, yet ever retaining that variety 

 in colour which marks its once subjection to man. 



Like America, the Philippine Islands were found without the horse. 

 The Spaniards introduced it, but in this case they introduced the 

 Spanish horse from South America, and, along with it, the pony of the 

 neighbouring Malay Archipelago, and the result is that the breed of 

 horses of these islands is a kind of galloway intermediate between the 

 two races. Here, too, under conditions as favourable as in America, it 

 has run wild. 



The Southern hemisphere opposes no obstacle to the successful 

 multiplication of the horse, since we find the different breeds of the 

 English horse thriving nearly as well in Australia, New Zealand, and 

 the southern extremity of Africa as in the country from which they 

 came. In countries to which the pony only is indigenous the full-sized 

 horse thrives perfectly, as is seen from its introduction, in very recent 

 times, into Java and the country of the Burmese. 



The notion that all the different races of the horse have proceeded 

 from one original stock has no warranty from history. As long as 

 the horse receives no special care in breeding, he undergoes no change, 

 and such care he only receives in a considerably advanced state of 

 society, or where, as in the case of the Arabs, he is an object of special 

 and peculiar importance. The half wild and neglected horse of South 

 America does not materially differ from his progenitors introduced 

 by the Spaniards above three hundred years ago, and our own Shetland 

 and Welsh ponies most probably differ in no respect from their 

 predecessors of the time of the invasion of Julius Caesar. The squab, 

 strong, and enduring Tartar horse of the present day is, in all likelihood, 

 the same kind of animal by help of which Attila, and Gengis, and 

 Timur effected their conquests, — the same with which the Tartar 

 tribes subdued China twice over, and against whose incursions a wall 

 of 1,500 miles long was no security. It is the same, too, which the 



