INDEX 



Thanet, Isle of, Viking occupation, 11 



Theft at Sea, punishment for, 187 



Thomas. English cog, Edward Ill's flagship, 26, 32 



Thomas of Lancaster, Prince, Admiral of England, 



40 



Thorfinn Karlsefin, explorer, exploration of North 

 America, 202 



Thorne, Robert, Dutch East Indian empire, 237 



Three Cranes Wharf, wine trade, 216 



Three Days' Fight (1652), off Portland, 118, 123 



Three Deckers, the first English, 105 



Thule, disputed position, 2 



Thylde, re-discovery of Brazil, 246 



Tides, Cause of the, Pytheas' discovery, 2 



Tin Islands (Cassiterides), identity questioned, 1 



Tobermory Galleon, origin of story, 86 



Tongues, Cutting out of, sea punishment, 187 



Tonnage, origin of, 214 



Topmasts, introduced in England, 186 ; Elizabethan 

 improvements, 189 



Tops : for pilot, 167 ; for fighting, 172, 185 ; guns 

 in, 185 



Topsails : use by Romans, 170 ; mediasval English, 



186 



Torbay, landing of William III, 152 



Torrington, Earl of (Admiral Arthur Herbert), 152, 



154 



Tostig, Saxon Earl, invades England, 15 



Tourville, Admiral de, Beachy Head, 153 ; Barfleur, 



154 



Trade, British : in Edward IV's reign, 225 ; under 

 James I, 230 ; in Tudor period, 231 



Trade, Early : principally coastal, 192 ; Phoenicians, 

 212; beginning of wine trade, 213, 214; Henry I, 

 215 ; Royal interference, 214 ; influence of 

 Crusades, 214 ; King John and, 215 ; wool trade 

 with Romans, 223 ; Lenten cargoes, 229 



Trade, French, with Britain, early, 212 



Transports: Ceesar's, 5; William the Conqueror's, 

 17; Edward Ill's, 26; Henry V's, 41 



Treasure, The Armada, 72, 85 



Treasure Fleets, Spanish : the Revenge, 88 ; missed 

 by Cumberland, 92 ; escapes in 1602, 92 ; Wimble- 

 don's expedition (1625), 103; attacked by Blake 

 (1656), 137. See also " Silver Fleet " 



Trinidad, Discovery of, 252 



Trinity House, opposes lighthouse construction, 188 ; 

 favours small ships, 105 



Triumph, Elizabethan warship, 86; Buckingham's 

 flagship, 103 



Tromp, Cornells, escape at Leghorn, 122 ; Four 

 Days' Fight, 140 



Tromp, Martin Harpentszoon : against Spaniards, 

 105, 114, 115 ; first Dutch War, 120 ; disgrace and 

 reinstatement, 121, 122 ; Dungeness, 122 ; broom 

 legend, 123 ; Three Days' Fight, 123 ; North 

 Foreland, 124 ; character, 125 ; portrait, 130 ; 

 killed, 125 



Trouville, French town, base of Norman invasion, 17 



Tryggvason, Olaf, Viking, Long Serpent of, 167 



Tudor, House of : naval policy, 46 ; trade at begin- 

 ning, 231 



Tumble-home, origin of, 186 



Tunis : Anglo-French expedition (1390), 37 ; reduced 

 by Blake, 137 ; Charles V's expedition (1535), 186 



Tunnage and Poundage, instituted in 1347, 45 



Turberville, Sir Thomas de, treachery of, 25 



Tuscaroras, Welsh Indians, 203 



Tyre, City of, foundafion, 212 



Tyvesser, Viking ship, description of, 167 



Ua Corra, Irish chief, 201 



Uruj Barbarossa : his piracy, 280 ; death, 280 



Valdez, Don Diego Florez de, in Spanish Armada, 65 

 Valdez, Don Pedro de, in Spanish Armada, 65 ; 



captured by Drake, 85 

 Valladolid : death of Columbus, 252 

 Vanguard, Elizabethan warship, 79 

 Vasco da Gama, see Gama 



Venables, General, West Indian expedition, 126 

 Veneti, Gallic tribe, opposition to Csesar 2 ; ships, 5 

 Venice : shipbuilding progress, 186 ; mediaeval sea 



power, 226; in 13th cent., 226; Winetha's re- 

 semblance to, 229 

 Vespucci, Amerigo, possible voyage to Brazil, 263 ; 



portrait, 248 

 Victualling : bad under Stuarts, 106, 151 ; Laws of 



Oleron, 171 ; gradual improvement, 189 

 Victualling Brothers, routed by Hanseatic League 



(1402), 274 ; origin and work, 274 

 Viking Ships : Gokstad, 11, 164, 167 ; Oseberg, 



164, 168; rowed by free men, 167 

 Vikings : origin of, 8 ; piratical expeditions, 11 ; 



customs, 11 ; in Normandy, 11, 14 ; unsuccessful 



in Spain, 14 ; raid Norman England, 18 

 Vinland, Viking discovery, 202 

 Vintners' Wharf, wine trade, 216 

 Virginia, map of, 258 ; Raleigh's attempt to colonize, 



266 ; Captain Argall in, 267 

 Vittoria, ship, circumnavigation of globe, 235 

 Vroom, Henry Cornelius, paints Armada actions, 68 



Waitborne, Captain, in Newfoundland, 262 

 Waldemar, King of Denmark, Hanseatic League's 



quarrel with, 229 

 Walmer, Kent, landing of Caesar, 5 

 Walsingham, Secretary of State, watches Armada 



preparations, 60 

 Wars of the Roses : ruin of Navy, 43 ; Warwick's 



part in, 44; impressment of ships, 218 

 Warship Design, English and Dutch, 126 

 Warships as Merchantmen, 26, 223 

 Warwick, Richard Neville, Earl of, 44-47 

 Warwick, Earl of. Parliamentary seaman, Com- 

 mander-in-Chief, 106 

 Wash, The, Roman defence of, 7 

 Water-beggars, see Beggars of the Sea 

 Waterford, Irish port, Norse origin, 20 

 Watling Island, Columbus at, 251 

 Wax, Romans coat ships' bottoms with, 89 

 Weather Gage : first mention, 22 ; effects at Skiys, 



31 ; disadvantage, 139 

 West Indies, British privateers in : William Parker, 



90 ; Drake and Hawkyns, 90 ; expedition of 1597, 



91 ; Earl of Cumberland, 92 

 West Indiamen, slave trade, 231 

 Whip, Blake's, legend of, 123 



Whistle of Office, Lord Edward Howard and his, 53 



White Ship, The, wreck of, 19 



Whittington, Sir Richard, 219, 224 



Widrington, Robert, Elizabethan seaman, privateer- 

 ing expedition, 60 



Wight, Isle of, occupied by French (1545), 54 ; plan 

 of Spanish Armada, 64 ; landing prevented, 74 ; 

 action off, 86 



Wildfire, see Greek Fire 



William I, The Conqueror : captures Earl Harold, 

 15 ; invasion of England, 15, 17 ; collects a navy, 



18 



William II (Rufus), appreciation of Navy, 19 



307 



