OR ANIMALS WITH BLOOD. 235 



Silurus glanis of Central Europe, and was not disposed to 

 accept Cuvier's identification, obtained six specimens of a 

 siluroid, new to ichthyologists, from the Achelous, in 

 western Greece. 



These fishes were labelled with the local name for them, 

 Glanidia (plm^al of Glanidi), and, after a careful examin- 

 ation, Agassiz concluded that they were the same as 

 Aristotle's Glanis, agreeing with this in the form of the 

 anal fin, the nature of the gills, the position of the gall- 

 bladder, the connected spawn, and other characters.* 



Agassiz gave the name Glanis aristotelis to this siluroid, 

 but it is more usually called Parasilurus aristotelis. 1 have 

 not been able to see a specimen of this fish, but a good 

 description, with drawings, is given by T. Gill, who states 

 that it watches over its eggs, which Silurus glanis does not, 

 that it has four barbels, whereas S. glanis has six, and that 

 it has fewer rays in its anal fin.i 



The Kallionymos, which lives near the shore,! and has 

 a gall-bladder relatively larger than that of any other fish,§ 

 is clearly the star-gazer {TJranoscopus scaher). Pliny says 

 that the Callionymus, which has more gall than any other 

 fish, is also called Uranoscopos, from the position of its eyes.H 

 The presence of a very large gall-bladder in Kallionymos 

 was so well known that this fish was commonly referred to 

 in passages descriptive of excessive anger. ^ The gall- 

 bladder of the star-gazer is very large, and, according to 

 Cuvier and Valenciennes,** shaped like a long-necked phial, 

 with a duct as large as the fish's duodenum. 



Aristotle's statements about the fleshy palate of 

 Kyprinos,-^} about its being a river fish, It and about its 

 great fecundity, §§ clearly show that he is referring to the 

 carp. His statements about this fish are, in fact, far more 

 valuable than those made by other ancient authors. 



Under the name Perke, Aristotle included both fresh- 

 water and sea perches, and it is only in a few passages that 

 it is clear to which he refers. The freshwater perch is 

 clearly referred to in H. A. vi. c. 13, s. 2, where he says 



* Proc. Amer. Acad, of Arts and ScL, vol. iii. 1857, pp. 825-34. 

 f Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 

 1906, pp. 436-9. 



I H. A. viii. c. 15, s. 1. § Ihid. ii. c. 11, s. 7. 



II Nat. Hist, xxxii. 24. 11 ^lian, De Nat. Anim. xiii 4. 

 ** Hist. Nat. des Poiss. iii. p. 297. 



ft H. A. iv. c. 8, s. 4 ; P. A. ii. c. 17, 6606. 



II Ibid. §§ H. A. vi. c. 13, ss. 1 and 6. 



