TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 17 



8. Upper Eocene, Ligurien 



The summit of the French Eocene is characterized geograph- 

 ical!}' by the recession of the northern gulf on its western 

 borders and by numerous small freshwater lake and river de- 

 posits in the south and southwest of France, in Switzerland, and 

 on the German border (Canu, '95, Plate 44). 



In the Paris Basin, made famous by the classic researches of 

 Cuvier and Brogniart, is the Gypsc dc Montmartre (55 metres) 

 partly marine, partly lacustrine ; at its summit are 20 metres of 

 gypsum which contain most of the mammals described by 

 Cuvier. Above are the lacustrine Manics dc Pantin. 



Parallel ^\'ith the Gypsc are the rich Lignites dc la Dcbruge 

 (\^aucluse, 2 metres). 



Parallel with the Gypsc in the South are the beds of St. Hip- 

 polytc dc Caton (Gard) recently described by Deperet ; of 

 Castlcnaitdry (Aude) ; of Lautrcc (Tarn) described by Noulet 

 ('63) also by Gervais ('69). 



There are also the lacustrine limestones of Carcassonne, near 

 the Pyrenees, and the localities Mas-Saintcs-PiicUcs and Mllcn- 

 ciivc-la-Comptal, Castres. To the west in Germany are the fis- 

 sure deposits ox BoJnicrzcn of //cvV/^v/Z/tY";// (Mittelfranken) Ulvi, 

 Pappenhciiii, Froiistcttcn ^ (Swabian Alps), Sigviaringcn ; to the 

 south the older fissure deposits of the Phosphorites du Qiicrcy, 

 and the fissures of Egcrkingcn and Lissicu. 



This period contrasts with all its predecessors by the superbly 

 full fauna which it contains ; we feel for the first time that the 

 fossil record is approximately representative of the living fauna. 

 It is greatly enriched by the composite parallel faunas of the 

 Sidcrolithigue dc Maiireviont and the newer portions of the com- 

 posite faunse of Egerkingen and Lissieu. 



Lautrec, undoubtedly Upper Eocene, contains a very large 

 Lophiodo?t, L. Imitricciisc of especial interest, because it is ap- 

 parently the last of its race. It is probable that the large Lo- 

 phiodon of Hcidciilicim, with complex premolars, is related to 

 the Lautrec type. In the Heidenheim specimen the second and 



^ Fronstetten fauna described by Jager, Fraas, Quenstedt and v. Meyer. 

 Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIII, July 19, 1900 — 2 



