TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 27 



Miocene (Lepsius, '92, p. 570). Among the marine equiva- 

 lents (Lepsius, '92, p. 546) are the Ohcrc Mccrcs Molassc (Switz.), 

 MuscJiclsandstci)! (Baden). The marine molasse of Eggciiburg 

 is a noteworthy parallel as containing BracJiyodus onoidciis 

 (Deperet, '95, p. 397) and MctaxytJicrium, a Sirenian. Bri'it- 

 tclcn (Studer, '95) also contains this true lower Miocene fauna 

 including BracJiyodus oiioidcns (Schlosser, Lit'b., '95, p. 183) 

 and Hvopotaiiuts hclvcticns. The marine Cetacean of the period 

 is Squalodon barrioise. 



Of exceptional importance is the presence of a similar fauna 

 [Ajiiphicyon, Mastodon angustidens, Dinothcrium, AntJiracothcr- 

 inin, HyotJicriuvi and Listriodori), in southwestern India, in the 

 Bugti Beds of Sind. These beds (Blanford, '84, p. 37) 

 are far below the horizon of the Siwalik (Pliocene) fauna and 

 contain all the typical older Miocene forms mingled with man}' 

 of newer type. We find here especially Hyopotanuts gigantciis 

 which Deperet regards as merely distinguished by its greater 

 size from BracJiyodus oiioidcus. Lvdekker {'96, p. 201) and 

 Blanford both consider the Bugti beds as " not improbabl}- of 

 Upper Miocene Age," and as indicating a survival in this area of 

 archaic types which at that time had completely disappeared in 

 Europe ; the same author refers also to Tctraconodon, a large 

 elothere, and to Hyopotamus ; associated with the Miocene types 

 therefore are true Oligocene types. The Bugti Beds are rich in 

 Proboscidia and taken all together should be considered Lower 

 and Middle Miocene rather than Upper Miocene. 



Especially significant is this community of fauna between 

 southern Asia and pAU'ope at this time. 



The lower, middle and upper Miocene faunas may therefore 

 be contrasted as follows : 



Lower Miocene. Middle Miocene. Upper Miocene. 



Typ.: Sables de r Or/eana is. Typ.: Saiisaii &' Simorre. Typ.: Grive-St.-Alban. 



Brachyodus o o 



Elotherium o o 



Rhinoceros aurelianen.sis...R. Sansaniensis R. brachypus X 



Anchitherium aurelianense X 



Dinotherium bavari cum X 



Mastodon angustidens X X 



