28 OSBORN. 



Macrotherium X X 



Amphicyon H\ aenarctos. 



Lutra Ursavus (Ursus) prim?evus. 



Pliopithecus (Sansan)..Pliopithecus. 

 Dryopithecus (St.Gaudens)..Oreopithecus (Mt.Ramboli) 



O = extinct, or not recorded. 

 X = present, or recorded. 



2. Helvetien, Middle Miocene 



Foi'tunately for the mammalian palaeontologist a large fresh 

 water basin (termed 'Lac dc /'Annajr/iac' by Canu) was formed 

 in southwestern France. Here were deposited the Calcaircs de 

 r Annagnac (300 metres); in the lower levels are the famous 

 Calcaircs dc Sansan, discovered in 1834; these were placed in 

 the Langhien by Lapparext ('85, p. 1 198) but are considered at 

 the base of the Helvetien by Deperet ; the rich Sansan fauna, 

 containing both large and small animals and many skeletons, 

 was first made known by Lartet ('51), and more recently has 

 been monographed by Filhol ('91). 



Upon a higher level than Sansan, separated by conglomerates 

 (Lapparext, '85, p. 1189), are the Calcaircs dc Simorrc (origi- 

 nally compared with the Calcairc dc JMontabitzard by Douville) 

 Filhol ('91, p. 9) treated the Sansan and Simorre fossils as of 

 the same age ; he did not for example separate Rhinoceros sim- 

 orrciisis from A', sansaniciisis ; the writer finds that the former is 

 specifically different from the latter and is of slightly more re- 

 cent type. Simorre is thus geologically on a higher level and 

 faunally somewhat younger than Sansan although still within 

 the stage Helvetien, as arranged by Deperet. Parallel with 

 Simorre is Sai?it Gaudcns ( Haute Garonne), according to 

 Gaudiy and Deperet. At the extreme base of the Helvetien 

 and therefore parallel with Sansan or the 2d Mediterranean 

 (Suess, Deperet, '92, p. 156), are the Lignites dc Styric or the 

 Stcicnnark Brannkohlc (Eibiswald, Wies, Goriach, Voitsberg); 

 the fauna of these outlying lignites of the Mediterranean sea in- 

 vasion has been fully described by Suess, Peters, Hoernes, Hoff- 

 man, Toula. Luidiiig, in Southern Austria, is said to be of the 

 same ag-e. 



