TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 29 



The lignites oi Mcuitc Baniboli (Tuscany) are placed by Lepsius 

 in the Langhien ; their position is doubtful ; they are here 

 placed in the Tortonien. 



3. Tortonien, Upper Miocene 



This is the ' middle miocene ' of Gaudry, Deperet, Gaillard 

 and others who include Pikermi in the Upper Miocene ; it is 

 the ' upper miocene ' of those who place Pikermi in the Plio- 

 cene. 



Grivc-Saiiit-Albaii (Isere), explored by Jourdax between 

 1845 and 1 86 1, should now be regarded as typical upper mio- 

 cene. That the mammalian fauna of this stage is distinctly more 

 recent than that of Sansan and Simorre was maintained by 

 Deperet ('87, p. 22; '92, p. clvi) who showed that of 34 

 species 14 occur in Sansan ; Gaillard ('99, p. 75) has increased 

 the faunal list of LaGrivc to 63 species and the new t}'pes he 

 records all tend to emphasize the more recent age ' of this re- 

 markably rich and typical fauna ; man\' of the forms, however, 

 such as Fclis, Ursits, Sus, recorded by Gaillard are Pliocene 

 genera, which probably should receive different names. 



The best known parallel of La Grivc are the sands of Stcin- 

 hciiu, Wiirttemberg, in which upwards of 30 species have been 

 recorded (fauna, see Lepsius, '92, p. 5 86); twenty of these spe- 

 cies are common with those of La Grivc. In Bavaria are the 

 deposits of GiDizbiirg, Ries (Nordlingen) and Gcorgcnsgcniuiid. 

 In Switzerland are the Qiningcn beds (Obere siisswassermolasse, 

 Molasse d'eau douce superieure), famous not only for its fauna 

 but for its remarkable flora. This flora, as monographed by 

 Heer, indicates a climate similar to that of Madeira and Japan ; 

 other localities of the upper iiiolassc are Eigg and KapfiiacJi. 

 In the Paris basin is the Molasse dc /' Anjou (Deperet, '92, p. 

 155); the St. Jean dc Bouniaj ; in the Rhone basin the Cucuron 

 (Molasse) and Cabricrcs (Marnes). 



' Op. a'L, " Les nouveaux mammifeies rencontres a la Grive tendent a donner 

 a la faune de ce giseinent une physionomie toute particuliere et a la rapprocher 

 davantage de la faune actuelle. " 



