TERTIARY MAMMAL HORIZONS. 33 



Perpignafi. Fluviatile. 



J\/exi»iieiix (Ain) tufas, famous for its characteristic Pleistocene flora : Bamboo, Sas- 

 safras, Magnolia, Laurel. 

 Sables de Tri'voiix (Saone) 



Deperet's fine memoir upon Roiisillon ('90, p. 538, 539) 

 tends to make this localit}' typical. Characteristic species not 

 found in Pikermi are R. Icptorliiiiiis, Mastodon arvcniciisis, Tapi- 

 riis arvcrncnsis, Lrsus arvcrnoisis. 



Types with Messinien or Pikermi affinities are Hipparuvi, 

 Pahcoryx, Hycriiarctos, Dolicliopitlieciis. The Asiatic apes are 

 Doliclwpitluxus and Sciimopithcciis. The African antelopes are 

 Pal a; oryx cordicri and P. boodoii. 



4. Sicilien, Upper Pliocene 



This embraces the ' newer pleiocene fauna ' of English au- 

 thors, the 'faunc plciochic rcccntc ' of Deperet. Hipparion dis- 

 appears, being replaced by Eqniis stcnonis ; Rliiiioccnis ctniscus 

 succeeds 7?. IcptorJnnus. Jilacacns Jforcjitiiiiis z.^y'^edirs, related to 

 the living Gibraltar form. The Proboscidia are represented by 

 the last of the European mastodons, Mastodo)i arvcnicnsis and 

 M. borsoni ; ElcpJias nicridionalis, the great southern elephant 

 and precursor of the mammoth, is found in Italy and the Saone 

 Valley. This species is absent locally (Deperet) in the Sables a 

 Mastodoiitcs of Puy, Coupet, \'ialette. The t}-pical locality is 

 in the classic valley of the Arno in Italy, the so-called Val 

 d'Arno siipcricurc ; its richness contrasts with the general poverty 

 of Italy in middle and lower Pliocene types. 



Italy. Olivola, a little higher than Val. d'Arno. Summit of Pliocene. 



Val tf Arno super. Thick fluvio-lacustrine beds (60 metres). Fauna 

 fully listed by Stefani. 



Astesan, Villafranca (San Paola), Tossano. 

 France. SainzcUes (Puy) a little higher than Perrier. 



Perrier (Issoire) fluviatile gravels. 



Moiitpellier stiper. (Rhone), fluvio-lacustrine. 



Coupet <uper., volcanic deposits. 



Vialette (Haute Loire, near Puy). 



Chagny (Saone) fluviatile clays and sands. 



Sables a Alastodontes du Pity. 

 England. Red Crag (Suftblk) Marine. 



Norwich Crag (Norfolk) Fluvio-marine. 



Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., XIII, July 19, 1900 — 3 



