36 



OSBORN. 



Partly Theoretical Divisions of European Pleistocene, after 



POHLIG, DePERET, NeHRING AND OtHERS 



I. 



Main Stages. 



Neolithic implements. 



Upper Pleistocene. 

 Post-Glacial or Alluvial. 



( Moustieren Human 

 type.) 



Palaeolithic implements. 



Middle Pleistocene. 



Glacial or Diluvial. 

 '(Cheleen Human type.) 



II. 



Partly Theoretical 



Relations of Glacial 



Oscillations. 



Recession of Gla- 

 ciers. 



r 3d Glacial, 



III. 



Characteristic 

 Geological 

 Deposits. 



Humus, 



Lake Terraces. 



Post-Glac. Loss. 





r 



II Loss. \ alley 

 ' Gravels, 

 Cave Clays, 

 2d Interglacial. Diluvium, 

 1 Sands. 



2d Glacial. 



ist Intergla- 

 cial. 



Lower Pleistocene. 



Preglacial or Transi- 

 tional to Pliocene. 



ist Glacial. 



Advance of 

 Glaciers. 



Fluviatile, 

 River Sands, 

 and Gravels. 

 Gravels, 

 Conglomerates, 

 Sands. 



I Boulders, 

 Erratics, Clays. 

 Drifts, Sea-ter- 

 races, Moraines. 



IV. 



Stratigraph., 



Faunal and 



Geol. Succes. 



Estuarine and 

 I Fluviatile, Marls 

 and Sands. 



Human Remains ; 

 Characteristic 

 Mammals. 



Prehistoric Stage. 



N. temperate. 

 Forest, Upland, River 

 and Field Fauna. 



Elephas primigenius 

 stage. 



N. temperate and Bor- 

 eal, Steppe and Forest 

 B'auna. 

 Up. Rodent. Steppe 

 Fauna, Yellow Culture 

 Layer ; Lower Rodent 

 Tundre Fauna. 

 Subarctic Tundre Fauna. 



Rhinoceros Merckii. 



Elephas antiquus 



stage. 



N. Temperate Thurin- 

 gian tufa, Taubach 

 (Weimar). 



Elephas trogontherii 

 stage. 



fTeniperate 



B. Mosbach Sands 

 (_( Lower Terraces). 

 ( A. Ri.xdorf Beds,! 

 -^ Subarctic. 1 



( (Higher Terraces.) | 



Elephas meridion- 

 alis stage. 



'Forest Beds (Norfolk). 

 St. Prest. 

 Durfort. 

 ■ Malbattu (Auvergne 

 Puy-de-D6me). 

 Chalon - St. - (i^osme 

 I. (Bresse). 



Forest and Lake 

 Dwellers. 



Recently e.\terinin;ited 

 types. 



Fells, Hyaena, I rsus 

 spelaius, Cyon alpinus, 

 Capra ibex, OviboSj 

 Rangifer, Bison priscus, 

 Equus, R. tichorhinus, 

 Elasmotherium, ElephM 

 primigenius. 



Neanderthal and 

 Spy, human types. 

 Steppe and Cave 

 Dwellers. 



Oldest human re- 

 mains known, Mo- 

 lar teeth (Nchniis). 



Saiga prisca, Alces 

 machlis, Capreolus.l.ijm- 

 mus, Alactaga saliens, 

 Lepus, Elephas aniii|iuis, 

 E. primigenius, Rhinoc- 

 eros merckii. 



Fells spelaea, F. I> nx, 

 hison, Sus scrota. Ler- 

 vus eiaphus, Eqiii:^ ca- 

 ballus, Rangifer, Hippo- 

 potamus, Arctomys. 



Megaceros, Ovibis, R. 

 tichorhinus, R. mtrckii, 

 Elephas trogontheiii. 



Fauna unknown. 



Earliest palseoliths. 



Machaerodus, Hyaena 

 sp.elaea, Ursus spelaeus, 

 Lutra, Ovibos, Hippo- 

 potamus, Bos primige- 

 nius, Equus stenonis, 

 Rhinoceros etru5cus, 

 Elephas meridlonalis, E. 

 antiquus, Trogomheri- 

 um. 



lake and sea-beach deposits constituting the lacustrine and ma- 

 rine terraces. The verj' characteristic cave deposits, breccias 

 and earths belong to the upper mid-Pleistocene. Then there are 



