PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 153 



Perisoreus canadensis (Linn.). Canada Jay 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Everywhere brownish slate-gray, darker on the crown, paler on the abdomen and 

 crissum. The feathers are lighter basally and faintly tipped with brown produc- 

 ing an obscurely mottled effect. Lores, region of eye and forehead dull black. 

 Malar region whitish with a dull white spot anteriorly. Wings dull clove- 

 brown with plumbeous edgings on secondaries and inner primaries, all the 

 remiges tipped with grayish white, the greater coverts with smoke-gray. Tail 

 slate-gray tipped with brownish white. Bill plumbeous. Feet brownish black. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult in August which involves the body plumage but not the 

 wings nor the tail. Several birds kindly loaned me by Mr. 

 \Vm. Brewster show different stages of the postju venal moult 

 which is completed in Maine before the end of August. 



Old and young become practically indistinguishable. 



Unlike juvenal dress. The back is brownish slate, neck whitish, crown and nape 

 brownish black with a large brown-tinged white area on the forehead. Below, 

 drab-gray, white on chin, throat, lores, auriculars, sides of neck and crissum. 

 Above, dull black ; dusky beneath and behind the eye. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which is in- 

 conspicuous in the soft, loose-textured feathers. 



5. Adult Winter Plumage acquired by a complete post- 

 nuptial moult. 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear. 



Female. — In moults and plumages females are practically in- 

 distinguishable from males. 



Corvus corax principalis Ridgw. Northern Raven 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Everywhere dull lustreless brownish black, except wings and tail which have 

 greenish and purplish reflections. Bill and feet black except when very young. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postju venal 

 moult which invoh^es the body plumage and wing coverts, but 

 not the remiges and rectrices. The glossy dress with the peculiar 



