180 DWIGHT 



6. Adult Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult which involves, as in the young bird, the whole body plu- 

 mage but not the wings nor the tail. Distinguishable from iirst 

 nuptial chiefly by the yellow "shoulders." 



Female. — Females have plumages and moults exactly corre- 

 sponding to the males, but the plumages are regularly much 

 duller and the prenuptial moults much less extensive. The 

 wings and tail are browner and there is no black upon the 

 crown. I have a large series of this species taken every month 

 in the year including many specimens showing both sexes in 

 various stages of the double moult they regularly undergo. 



Spinus pinus (Wils.). Pine Siskin 



1. Natal Down. No specimen seen. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, olive-brown with buff tinged, or yellowish feather edgings and streaked with 

 clove-brown. Wings and tail deep olive-brown, basal portion of the remiges 

 and rectrices canary-yellow, the edgings of the primaries and secondaries paler 

 yellow, their tips M-hitish, the edgings of the rectrices faintly olive-yellow, the 

 wing coverts edged with ochraceous-buff forming two wing bands, the ter- 

 tiaries broadly edged with buff. Below primrose-yellow, palest on chin, thickly 

 streaked with clove-brown. Bill and feet pinkish buff, dusky when older. 



This plumage is worn a long time, probably two months, the 

 postjuvenal moult beginning early in August as shown by a 

 specimen from eastern Canada, August 8th. It becomes con- 

 siderably worn and the buffy tints as well as the yellow below 

 are nearly lost before the moult begins. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult in August in eastern Canada which involves the bod}^ 

 plumage but not the wings nor the tail. 



Differs very little from the previous plumage, birds being a paler brown above and 

 altogether without the yellow tinge below. They are dull white below with a 

 faint buffy tinge anteriorly and laterally and streaked with olive-brown ; the 

 buffy wing coverts rapidly fade to dull white. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by wear which pro- 

 duces a dingy white, brown-streaked bird. 



