PASSERINE BIRDS OF NEW YORK 259 



from the first winter, the wings and tail rather blacker, the edg- 

 ings grayer and the streakings more obvious resembling the male 

 in first winter dress. The adult nuptial is acquired both by 

 moult and by wear. The most highly colored females are 

 almost always duller than the dullest males in corresponding 

 plumages. A large series of specimens taken every month in 

 the year shows clearly the changes by moult and by wear in 

 the plumages of this Warbler, which is the only one that ever 

 passes the winter in this latitude. 



Dendroica maculosa (Gmel.). Magnolia Warbler 



1. Natal Dow'n. Sepia-brown. 



2. Juvenal Plumage acquired by a complete postnatal moult. 



Above, dark sepia-brown, soon fading, usually pa'er on the crown and obscurely 

 streaked with clove-brown. Wings and tail dull black, chiefly edged with ashy 

 or plumbeous gray, the secondaries, tertiaries and wing coverts with drab, two 

 wing bands pale buff; the rectrices white on inner web of basal half. Below, 

 pale sulphur-yellow, dusky or grayish on the throat and streaked or mottled 

 except on the abdomen and crissum with deep olive-brown. Lores and orbital 

 region ashy brown. Bill dusky pinkish buff, black when older. Feet pinkish 

 buff, pale sepia when older. 



3. First Winter Plumage acquired by a partial postjuvenal 

 moult, beginning early in July, which involves the body plumage 

 and the wing coverts, but not the rest of the wings nor the tail. 



Entirely different from the previous plumage. Head and nape chiefly mouse-gray, 

 the back olive-yellow veiling black or dusky spots ; rump lemon-yellow, upper 

 tail coverts black, with broad plumbeous edgings. Below, bright lemon-yellow, 

 white on abdomen and crissum, with an ashy pectoral band and streaked ob- 

 scurely on sides of breast and on the flanks with black, veiled by overlapping 

 yellow edgings. Wing coverts black, ecged with gray or olive-green and tipped 

 with white forming two distinct wing bands. Broad orbital ring bufty white. 



4. First Nuptial Plumage acquired by a partial prenuptial 

 moult which involves most of the body plumage, the wing 

 coverts and sometimes a few tertiaries, but not the rest of the 

 wings nor the tail. Young and old become practically indis- 

 tinguishable except by the wings and tail, especially the primary 

 coverts, all of which are usually browner and more worn than 

 in adults. 



