depth according to the depth of the spring-s,) in the 

 best line for a fall, and if you happen to cut off the 

 i-eal or principal spring, which supplies all the others, 

 they -vvill speedily dry up. Skill and practice are much 

 required in this branch of draining ; l)ut as long as a 

 spring makes its appearance, you must cut it off. 

 Since the object here is to carry off under, not surface 

 •vrater, you may throw in as much yellow clay over 

 the stones in filling, as yoii please. 



When the wetness arises from the oozing of water 

 from higher land, you should cut a good head-drain 

 between the wet and dry ground, of such depth, if 

 practicable, as will cut off the commimication ; if the 

 vein (or porous stratum) should not lie too deep, and 

 if you can cut completely through it and reach a hard 

 bottom, which will conduct the water along its chan- 

 nel, without suffering any of it to soak downwards, 

 your work is done at once ; but in general it is not 

 easy to stop all communication in this way ; you must 

 therefore often proceed in a different manner, and if 

 the springs appear in your field, cti diffh'ent leveh, on 

 a slanting surface, and (according to the season's 

 wetness) continue to rim at the bottom, while the 

 higher ones are dry, it is plain that they are con- 

 nected, and flow from the same point ; in which case 

 you are to draw your line of draining along the level 

 of the lowermost springs, which will keep all the 

 others dry. — But if you make your drain along the 

 line of the highest of the spots where the water 

 breaks forth, without being sufficiently deep to reach 

 the level of those below, (which in a steep field can- 

 not be done,) you would only carry away the over- 

 flowings of the spring, wliile the main spring still 

 continuing to run, would wet all the land below the 

 level of the bottom of the drain, by discharging itself 

 hwer down over the surface of the ground. When 

 finishing your drains, give a very gradual fall, other- 

 wise they will be choaked from the earthly particles 

 brought down by a rapid flow. I have only to add a 



