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process, may be more profitably substituted. Wheat, 

 in such cases, comes properly after turnips, though 

 in general it must be sown in the spring months, un- 

 less the turnips are stored, in which case it can be 

 sown early in November ; or it may better be sown 

 after clover, in the fourth rotation, liarley being usu- 

 ally preferable after turnips. I may add, however, that 

 on light lands, as Wexford farmers well know from 

 experience, after a good marhng, which gives solidity 

 and favourable manure, wheat will answer well. The 

 kinds of Avheat in general use (of which there are 

 many sub -varieties) are, the white, and red, of which 

 the red is more hardy — the former, on suitable ground, 

 more productive, and yielding a superior flour. In 

 late situations and less favourable soils, and for spring 

 sowing, the red varieties answer best. 



The climate required to bring wheat to perfection 

 must l)e such as aftbrds a dry and warm season for 

 the blossoming of the ear and the ripening of the 

 grain. "Wlieat will bear a great deal of cold during 

 winter, if sown in a dry or well drained soil ; and yet 

 moderately moist weather, before the flowering sea- 

 son, and after the grain is formed, is favourable to 

 wheat, but continued heavy rains immediately after 

 the flowering season produce smut. The dry frosty 

 winds of February and March, and even April some- 

 times are more injurious to our wheats than any other 

 description of weather — mildews often result from 

 sultry winds or fogs ; and cold, in the blossoming or 

 ripening seasons of July, even without wind or rain, 

 produces an inferior grain, greatly deficient in gluten : 

 and heat, the contrary. 



I have often seen fifty shillings or three pounds 

 paid for a barxel of wheat, every grain of which has 

 been sown by a poor farmer on his solitary acre, 

 though 8 or 10 stone would be sufficient. 



Seed wheat is prepared for sowing by the process 

 called pickling. Though all farmers agree as to the 

 necessity of pickhng to prevent smut, they do not so 

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