54 GUIDE TO THE RlSSlL MAMMALS ANIj 15Ilii)S. 



Pier-cases ex]»laiiatory sketches ou the pilkir hetween Tier-cases 31 

 29, 31. ^j„[ ;j2 xiiis animal evidently fell into a hole when qnietly 

 hrowsing on grass ; its sprawling attitude shows that it 

 attempted to scramble out ; a great amount of clotted l)lood 

 found in the chest-cavity indicates that it hurst a blood- 

 vessel by over-exertion ; and a mouthful of grass between 

 the teeth, not j^et swallowed, proves that death was quite 

 sudden. This specimen has been skilfully preserved in the 

 Imperial Academy of Sciences at >St. I'etersburg, the skin 

 Ijeing partially restored and stuffed in the attitude of the 

 death-struggle, and the skeleton mounted separately. As 



Pier-ease proved by this and other discoveries, the Arctic mammoth 

 3^- was well clothed in reddish-brown wool and long Ijlack hair, 

 while the tail was tipped by a large tassel of hair. A piece 

 of the woolly skin and a bottle filled with the long hair are 

 exhibited with the collection of remarkably fresh l)ones of 

 the mammoth from the Arctic regions in Pier-case 31. 

 Photogi'aphs and fragments of another carcase of a mammoth 

 found with a rhinoceros, preserved by petroleum in a 

 Pleistocene deposit in Galicia, Austria, are fixed on the wall 



Pier-case near Pier-case 32. Jaws, teeth and bones from the Thames 

 ^^- valley, including the Brady Collection from Ilford, are 

 arranged in Pier-case 32 and Table-case 17 ; while the finest 

 skull of a mammoth (with complete tusks 10 ft. (3 in. in 

 length) hitherto discovered in Britain, is mounted in Case ]\I. 

 This specimen was also found in a l)rickfield at Ilford, and 

 seems to have Ijeen associated with a whole skeleton, which 

 was unfortunately dug out in pieces and sold l)y tlie work- 

 men to a local rag and bone merchant ])efore the interest of 

 the discovery was recognised. In the English collection 

 there is evidence of mammoths of all ages, and an instructive 

 series of teeth of young individuals is placed in Table-case 

 Table-cases 17^. The specimens of greatest geological antiquity are the 

 ' ^' molars in Taljle-case 17 obtained l)y ]\Ir. A. C. Savin from 

 the Norfolk Forest Bed. Molars from numerous localities 

 in England and on the Continent, in Table-case 18, illustrate 

 distriljution and variation ; and a series dredged from the bed 

 of the Xorth Sea (chiefly the Owles Collection) is placed in 

 Table-eases Table-case 19 (Figs. 43, 44). Molars of the southern race from 

 18, 19. |-|^g Qi^ ^^^ Xew Worlds, named Ele2)lias armeniacus and 

 E. cohimhi, are shown in Table-case 17. 



The Pleistocene allies of the existing African elephant 

 had a less extensive geographical distribution than the 

 mammoth, and they never ranged sufficiently far north to 



