()() 



(U*IDE TO TJIK Fossil, MAMMAF,S AND l!Il;l>S. 



Pier-cases iiiiL;ii]ai- lool'-like .shape ol' the cioss-lidges of llii; luelli (Figs. 

 35, 36. 48, 51), has tliese ridges more numerous and usually deeper, 

 ^ 2^3^^^^^ wliile the intervening valleys are i)artly filled with a soft 

 tooth-sulistance termed cement. Stcgodon is generally re- 

 garded as a sub-genus or section of U/cphas ]»]()))er, and 

 various remains (»f it from India, Burma, and China are 

 Pier-cases exhilnted in Pier-cases 35, 86. A fine skull of Elc2Jhi^ 

 sf^' d^k {^^'V'"^"") fj"n<'sa with immense tusks (Fig. TjO) from the 

 Siwalik Formation, presented hy CJeneral Sir W. Yj. Baker, 

 is UKjunted on a separate stand (K). In the true Ekplias 

 the tooth-ridges are excessively deepened and C(jmparatively 

 numerous (Figs. 49, 52), while the intervening valleys, now 

 mere crevices, are filled to overflowing with cement. This 

 Table-case progressive com])lication is well illustrated hy a series of 

 24. sections of teeth arranged in regular order in Table-case 24. 

 The Pliocene Strfjodon has only l)een found in southern 

 and central Asia, some of the adjacent islands, and nortliciii 

 Africa. MrmtoOoa, howexer, i-anged over southern and central 

 Kuro})e, and in the Pleistocene period extended nearly 

 throughout Xorth and South America. Among F^urcjpean 

 species may be mentioned M. nrveniensis, from the Ui)per 

 Pier-case Plioccuc of Fiance, Italy, (lermaiiy, and the Ped Crag of 



F^ngland, illustrated in Pier-case 37 

 and Table-case 23 ; also M. atficvs and 

 M. pcutdici from the Lower I'liocene 

 of Greece, exhiljited in the same 

 ( ases. Among North American species 

 M. a/inericaiius (Figs. 53, 54) is the 

 most important, and is rejjresented 

 not only by the partially recon- 

 structed skeleton (Stand B) at the 

 entrance to the Gallery, but also by 

 numerous remains in Pier-cases 38, 39, 

 and Table-case 23. It lived until the 

 arrival of prehistoric man in Xorth 

 Fig. 5.S.— Lower molar Ameiica, as shown liv the occurrence 

 tooth, oi Mastodon amcri- of stone arrow-heads with its bones. 

 The best known South American 

 species is J/. humhoUUi, of which a 

 fine skull is mounted in Pier-case 39 

 (40). Though found nearly all over 

 South America, its remains are especially aljundant in the 

 lake deposits or flood deposits in the valley of Tarija, Bolivia, 

 where large herds must have perished. 



37. 



Table-case 



23. 



Pier-eases 



38, 39. 



Table-cases 



23, 24. 



Stand B. 



canus, from the Pleisto- 

 cene of North America ; 

 one - third nat. size. 

 (Table-case 2-3.) 



