A. E. Verrill — Decapod Crustacea of Bermuda. 303 



tioii and range of the species. In 1898, one of my sons, Clarence 

 S. Verrill, who was of the Yale party, made notes -on the habits and 

 colors of the Crustacea. 1 am indebted to liim for such notes, many 

 of which are here utilized, and have his initials appended. 



Another son, A. Hyatt Verrill, made a large collection of Crusta- 

 cea in March, 1901, before my arrival at Bermuda. He found a 

 number of interesting additions to the fauna. I am also indebted 

 to him for the photographs and drawings used in this paper, and 

 also for a number of colored figures and various notes made on the 

 colors and habits of a number of species. To Miss M. J. Rathbun, 

 whose nomenclature I have generally followed, I am indebted for the 

 identification of many of the smaller and more critical specimens, 

 and for the loan of others. From her papers I have also borrowed, 

 with a few alterations, some of the analytical tables of species, 

 genera, and higher groups. 



I am also indebted to Professor S. I. Smith for numerous com- 

 parative measurements of a number of species, made by him several 

 years ago for another purpose. 



Many of the crabs have colors that are higlily protective by day ; 

 others have colors that are not protective by daylight, but are 

 highly so at night, in moonlight, or twilight. They afford an excel- 

 lent field for studies of this kind. Although these Crustacea are 

 numerous in Bermuda, there are many species that are seldom taken 

 by inexperienced collectors, because of their peculiar habits. Many 

 are found concealed beneath large rocks or masses of dead corals, 

 which must be turned over to ol)tain them. This is particularly- true 

 of most of the Pilumnidae, and of Mithrax forceps, Percnon planis- 

 siinnm, etc. Some live regularly in eroded holes in masses of coral 

 or limestone, like many species of Alpheus and the common Gono- 

 dactylus (Erstedi. The rare crab, Epialtas hitiiberculatus, was 

 found only by breaking up such rocks. Several species are peculiar 

 to the mangrove swamps, and. live chiefly among the tangled roots 

 of the mangroves, where it is hard to capture them. The hand- 

 somely colored Goniopsis cruentatus has this habit, as well as some 

 species of iSesarma, Pachygrapsus, Eupanopeus, etc. The land- 

 crabs, Gecarcinus and Cardisonia, burrow deeply in the earth, and 

 the same is true of Ocypode arenarius, Hippa cubensis, etc., which 

 inhabit sand}' beaches. These and man}'' others are mainly nocturnal 

 in their habits and can sometimes be caught out of their burrows in 

 the night by means of torches or lanterns, especially in summer. 

 The great Cardisoma gu<^inhumi is seldom taken here in any other 



