THE JUKES. 15 



the five that are known, three have had illegitimate children before 

 marriage. One who is called in these pages Ada Juke, but who is 

 better known to the public as " Margaret, the mother of criminals," 

 had one bastard son, who is the progenitor of the distinctively crimi- 

 nal line. Another sister had two illegitimate sons, who appear to 

 have had no children. A third sister had four, three boys and one 

 girl, the three oldest children being mulattoes, and the youngest — 

 a boy — white. The fourth sister is reputed chaste, while no infor- 

 mation could be gathered respecting the fifth in this respect, but 

 she was the mother of one of the distinctively pauperized lines and 

 married one of the sons of Max. The progeny of these five has 

 been traced with more or less exactness through five generations, 

 thus making the total heredity which has been enrolled stretch over 

 seven generations, if we count Max as the first. The number of 

 descendants registered includes 540 individuals who are related by 

 blood to the Jukes, and 169 by marriage or cohabitation; in all, 

 709 persons of all ages, alive and dead. The aggregate of this line- 

 age reaches probably 1,200 persons, but the dispersions that have 

 occurred at different times have prevented the following up and 

 enumeration of many of the lateral branches. 



Discrimmatmt 0/ Stocks. — To distinguish those who are directly 

 descended from these five sisters, they will be spoken of as belong- 

 ing to the " Juke blood," because it is the line of their blood which 

 has been traced, it being the most important as a study of heredity, 

 the male lineage being considered subordinate. As the heredity of 

 those who enter the family by marriage is in most instances uncertain, 

 these persons will be spoken of generically as " the blood of X," or 

 "the X blood." In order to trace the relationships more easily, 

 the five sisters will be called, respectively, " Ada," '' Bell," " Clara," 

 " Delia," " Effie," the names beginning with the first five letters of 

 the alphabet, which letter, in the text and appended charts, will be 

 used instead of the full name. Individuals outside the line will be 

 marked by an X. 



How to read the Charts. — The children resulting from any given 

 marriage will contain all the letters which represent their ancestral 

 derivation, each child being numbered according to the order of its 

 birth as nearly as could be learned. Thus turning to chart I., fac- 



