20 THE JUKES. 



the first column showing a lower percentage than that of the aver- 

 age of the "Jukes," the others increasing as you proceed to con- 

 sanguineous marriages of Clara's stock with the children of Ada 

 and Bell, to the legitimate children of Ada, to the illegitimate chil- 

 dren of Ada. From this point of view it would seem that chastity 

 and profligacy are hereditary characteristics, possible of entailment. 



This table illustrates how pure statistics may lead into the error 

 of mistaking a coincidence for a correlation, for the figures appear 

 to demonstrate the force of heredity, the chaste mother bearing a 

 progeny more chaste than the unchaste mother, and the legitimate 

 branch of the unchaste mother being more chaste than the illegiti- 

 mate branch. To study out the causation we trace several of the 

 most striking lines of harlotry, get elements which are not to be 

 found in the table, because that gives only an average that obliterates 

 extremes which teach lessons that the mean conceals. We shall 

 then see how far to modify first impressions on closer analysis. 



Case I. Taking up the legitimate branch of Ada, which inter- 

 married into Bell and Clara (chart II.), we follow the heredity of 

 legitimacy in lines 6, 8 and lo, generation 5. They are three 

 sisters, children of a legitimate father, B. C, and a chaste and legiti- 

 mate mother, A. C, whose mother C. (gen. 3, following the mother's 

 side) was a chaste and legitimate daughter of Clara, who was chaste. 

 Going back to the father (gen. 4), we find his mother (gen. 3) was a 

 chaste, legitimate daughter of Clara. Both parents, therefore, of 

 generation four, were of chaste descent on the mother's side. Thus, 

 the original characteristic of chastity seems to have descended from 

 Clara through two branches, A. and B., and cumulated in the three 

 sisters under consideration. Further ; we find, in line 7, the sister 

 of the above three to be a prostitute, and in going back upon the 

 heredity, we find in gen. 4 that the father's father was the licentious, 

 though legitimate, son of Ada, a harlot, and on the mother's side 

 (gen. 4), the father was the legitimate son of Bell, a prostitute. Ac- 

 cording to the law of heredity, it is a logical deduction to make, 

 that line 7 has reverted to the ancestral types on the unchaste 

 side of both parents. Respecting this case, very little reliable in- 

 formation has been gathered about the environment, but it must be 

 noted that the mother in generation four was one of seven sisters, 



