34 THE JUKES. 



death to the mother, pauperism to the child. It is a case of weak- 

 ness, its form youth. 



So far only instances of hereditary pauperism produced by dis- 

 ease have been set forth, we now examine cases of induced pauper- 

 ism proceeding from different causes. 



Case 12. Taking chart I. (i), b. m. A., generation 3, and passing 

 to the first child of the next generation, we find a man whose wife 

 died of syphilis when he was fifty-three. At that age he had be- 

 come an habitual drunkard, and although a good workman, became 

 idle. He obtained out-door relief during her sickness, and for twenty 

 years since has been a charge upon the town, but he has never 

 been in the poor-house. On the mother's death the fourth child 

 aged fourteen, the fifth aged twelve, the sixth aged eight, the sev- 

 enth aged seven, the eighth aged four, and the ninth child aged two 

 years were sent to the poor-house, and there remained four years. 

 Two years after her death, the third child goes to the poor-house 

 at seventeen, and is immediately bound out to a farmer, while the 

 two eldest, being respectively twenty-four and twenty-nine, are not 

 sent. Here again we find youth, which is weakness, consigns the 

 child to the influence of the poor-house, while the elder escape it 

 by reason of their strength. Here disease produces induced pau- 

 perism of the father and in the offspring. It is an instance of the ten- 

 dency of the youngest child to be the pauper of the family, which 

 will be discussed further on. 



Case 13. The second child (1. f., A. B.), a girl, seems to be an 

 exception to the rule laid down, for we find her, seven years before 

 her mother's death, and at the age of eighteen, one month in the 

 poor-house, to bring her first born, an illegitimate boy, into the 

 world. Here the maternal functions produces temporary weakness, 

 which is the essential of pauperism. 



Case 14. This is similar in some aspects to case 11. In chart 

 II., generation 3, (4) 1. f. A., we find a legitimate daughter who 

 marries a mulatto X. For some reason which has not been learned, 

 the father ceases to maintain his family. The mother, near her 

 confinement, with no relations to volunteer the expense of her sick- 

 ness, becomes an inmate of the poor-house, with the three young' 



