36 THE JUKES. 



contradict the rule that the youngest is the pauper of the family ; 

 but we must take into consideration that the fifth child is the son 

 of a legitimate marriage, and may probably be the first child of his 

 father, so that the continuity of the line is broken and gives us two 

 sets of examples in the children of the same mother. The eldest 

 children of each set are self-supporting and independent, the 

 illegitimates being the most so. 



Now, comparing the age at which the out-door relief begins, we 

 find the fourth child applies at 66, three years before his death, 

 when he receives a town burial, while the youngest applies at 55, 

 and receives outside relief for 23 years, when his career closes with 

 a town burial. The fourth son acquired a farm of 60 acres, was 

 industrious but rough, and intemperate in his older days. His 

 farm was lost, and he died prematurely. The eighth son never 

 acquired property, was temperate, but blind for many years with 

 cataract and died of old age. 



In both these cases we find forms of weakness, intemperance 

 and blindness, both physiological conditions predisposing to pau- 

 perism, but there is no alms-house relief. 



Case 17. Passing to the children of the fourth child of Bell 

 (gen. 4, lines 4 to 14) we find the oldest son (line 4) independent, 

 industrious and prosperous. The second (line 5) receives out-door 

 relief from 65 to his death, the sixth (line 13) getting it at ^^Z^ and 

 the seventh, a girl, at 30, entering the poor-house at 40 with her 

 two children. 



Here the same tendency is to be found as in other cases 

 indicated. 



Case 18. Now we turn to chart IV., analyzing the progeny of 

 Effie, a line distinctively pauperized. In the third generation we 

 have traced only two persons, a son and daughter. The son, in 

 his 87th year, entered the poor-house and died there in 1859, aged 

 90. The daughter married into X, who, at the age of 40, became 

 an inmate of the poor-house for a short time. The next account 

 we have of him is that at 80 he was again in the poor-house, where 

 he died the following year ; the record of out-door relief which he 

 received being among the years which could not be obtained. 



Taking the next generation of this daughter, and comparing 



