44 THE JUKES. 



outside relief at 38 years of age ; while the seventh, and last, 

 was a harlot and an alms-house pauper, who died of syphilitic 

 disease. 



Here we see crime immediately follows the cross of bloods, and 

 that the criminal is born before the pauper of the family, as we also 

 see that the honest is born before the criminal. It now remains to 

 follow several lines, tracing the heredity of individual cases, and 

 laying the environment alongside. 



Case 25. Chart I., line i, generation 6, gives a boy 17 years of 

 age, who has served six months in Albany penitentiary for petit 

 larceny ; his father (gen. 5th) has been twice in county jail for 

 assault and battery, and is now serving a five-year sentence in State 

 prison for a rape on his niece in her twelfth year. Going further 

 back we find the father was a petty thief, though never convicted. 

 This ends the information as to the heredity. Now as to the environ- 

 ment. 



The adults of generation 4 lived in a settlement m.ainly composed 

 of their own relatives, situated in the woods around a chain of lakes. 

 The great proportion of these people having recourse to petty theft 

 to help out their uncertain incomes, going on excursions of several 

 miles during the night, and robbing hen-roosts, stripping clothes- 

 lines, breaking into smoke-houses and stealing hams, corn, firewood 

 and wood with which to make axe-handles, baskets or chair-bottoms 

 This general condition continued during the boyhood of generation 



5, only, the general wealth of the community having enormously 

 increased their field became broader and their offenses more grave 

 than those of the previous generation. Going down to generation 



6, we find the boy of 17 is suddenly deprived of support by his 

 father being sent to prison. He is in want; his mother goes to the 

 poor-house with the younger children, while he takes up the life of 

 a vagrant, picking up his living as he best can. Want, bad com- 

 pany, neglect form the environment that predisposes to larceny. 

 He will not go to the county-house with his mother ; he feels it is 

 more independent to steal and takes the risks. Now self-reliance, 

 no matter how wrongly it asserts itself, is indicative of power, and 

 this power should be availed of for better purposes. In these three 



