THE JUKES. 49 



tardy. He compounded this suit by marrying the girl ; at 38, out- 

 door relief ; at 41, petit larceny, county jail 30 days ; assault and 

 battery when drunk, county jail 20 days. This year I saw him at 

 the house of the poor-master, making application for an axe to do 

 wood-chopping, bringing a friend along to ask for a pair of boots. 

 The axe played the ostensible part of honest intentions to work, so 

 that the boots might be forthcoming. Both were denied, and 

 justly. Apparently he realizes m his own person the prepotency 

 ^-sjbf a first child and the weakness of an invalid, as if it might be a 

 conflict between vitality and death, but the side upon which the bal- 

 ance must ultimately fall was decided at 13. He cannot escape being 

 an alms-house pauper except by the interposition of sudden death, 

 because the disability under which he labors is a deep-seated dis- 

 ease, which year by year with cumulative force adds to his ineffi- 

 ciency. Although the eldest child of his generation, he has received 

 out-door relief at an earlier age than his brothers, his disease stand- 

 ing as the equivalent of weakness, and inducing an apathy which 

 destroys both physical activity and pride. 



4 



Tentative Inductions on the Relations of Crime and Pauperism : 



1. Crime as compared to pauperism indicates vigor. 



2. With true criminals pauperism either occurs in old age or in 

 childhood, and is not synchronous with the term of the crime 

 career. 



3. Imprisonment of the parent may produce induced pau- 

 perism in the children, especially if they be girls who are thrown 

 into the alms-house and remain inmates long enough to become 

 mothers. 



4. Criminal careers are more easily modified by environment, 

 because crime, more especially contrived crime, is an index of ca- 

 pacity, and wherever capacity is found, there environment is most 

 effective in producing modifications of career. 



5. The misfortune of one generation which throws the children 

 into an alms-house, may lay the foundation for a criminal career for 

 that generation if the children are of an enterprising temperament, 

 for paupers if of low vitality and early licentious habits. 



3 D 



