THE JUKES. 53 



Case 34. The next brother, line 8, begins his career with petit 

 larceny at 12,60 days in county jail; petit larceny again at 21, 

 county jail 30 days ; grand larceny at 21, Sing Sing 3 years. The 

 probabilities are that between 12 and 21 he committed offenses 

 elsewhere. At 36, tried for shooting at horses. His case has not 

 been fully followed ; whether he reforms is to be tested, but the 

 probabilities are against it, as he is living with a licentious woman. 



Case 35. Passing to the cousins of these men, from lines 22 to 

 32, the career of the oldest has not been traced. Line 25, we find 

 at 12 assisting his brother in a burglary; at 17 serves two years in 

 State prison for burglary ; at 22 two more years for breach 

 of the peace, no doubt the severity of the sentence being 

 made to cover two indictments for burglary which could not be 

 proved, but which he no doubt committed ; at 24, burglary third 

 degree. Sing Sing 3 years. It is said that the total years of im- 

 prisonment he has served in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Vermont, 

 and Rhode Island, has been from 13 to 14 years. In Clinton 

 prison he learned iron rolling and also industrious habits, for now 

 he has moved to another county, rents a quarr^', and employs men 

 to get out flag-stones. Here, again, before the meridian of life is 

 passed, the education of labor, together with the experience of a 

 riper age, produce an amended career. 



Case 36. Line 26, brother of the above, at 20 years, county jail 

 30 days for assault and battery ; at 21, county jail 30 days for same 

 offense ; at 22 Sing Sing two years for burglary third degree ; 

 at 31 he moved into the same county as his brother above 

 mentioned, purchased a farm and works a quarry upon it ; is 

 worth $5,000 at 37, and the testimony of persons who have known 

 him is, that ''he is considerable of a man." 



This line of facts points to two main lessons ; the value of labor 

 as an element of reform, especially when we consider that the ma- 

 jority of the individuals of the "Juke " blood, when they work at all, 

 are given to intermittent industries. The element of continuity is 

 lacking in their character ; enforced labor in some cases seems to 

 have the effect of supplying this deficiency. But the fact which is 

 quite as important but less obvious, is, that crime and honesty run 



