5 6 THE JUKES. 



ganized experience of the right relations of human beings to each 

 other, which gives us a corresponding moral idiot. 



Men do not become moral by intuition, but by patient organiza- 

 tion and training. Indeed, the whole process of education consists 

 of the building up of cerebral cells. For the purpose of a concise 

 explanation, it may be said that there are four great subdivisions 

 of the nervous system, each one of which presides over, co-ordinates 

 and controls a separate set of functions, i. The ganglionic ner- 

 vous centres which connect the heart, lungs and internal viscera 

 with each other and with the brain, bringing them into sympathetic 

 action. 2. The spinal cord, which chiefly presides over the 

 movements of the limbs and body. 3. The sensational centres, 

 which register the impressions gathered by the senses. 4. The 

 ideational centres, that enable us to reason, to think, to will, and, 

 with this last, the moral nature. The ganglionic centres are, in a 

 certain sense, subordinate to the spinal nerve centres ; these, in 

 their turn, are subordinate to the sensory centres ; and these last 

 are subordinate to the controlling action of the hemispheres of the 

 brain, " and, especially to the action of the will, which, properly 

 fashioned, represents the governing power of the voluntary ac- 

 tions." * While the mind is the last in order of development, it is 

 the first in importance, and " instead of mind being a wondrous 

 entity, the independent source of power and self-sufficient cause 

 of causes, an honest observation proves incontestibly that it is the 

 most dependent of all natural forces. It is the highest develop- 

 ment of force, and to its existence all the lower natural forces are 

 indispensably prerequisite." t This all-important will does not 

 usually reach its full growth till between the thirtieth to the thirty- 

 third years, and " is entirely dependent for its outward realization 

 upon that mechanism of automatic action which is gradually organ- 

 ized in the subordinate centres — the cultivation of the senses are 

 necessary antecedents to the due formation and operation of the 

 will." X We must therefore distinctly accept as an established 



» Maudsley, Physiology and Pathology of the Mind, pp. 54, 55, 

 t Id. 60. % Id. 92, 93- 



