THE JUKES. 117 



order, commit the accused to an insane asylum for life ? In the 

 case of an attempt to kill, in what respect does it differ from murder, 

 except in the fact of being not fatal ? 



The Remote or Preventive Method. — In this aspect the study of 

 criminal careers merges into a larger inquiry than its own special 

 domain, and for its complete solution embraces the whole science 

 of life. From this point of view, the analysis of crime causes in- 

 cludes all the physiological and social phenomena which affect the 

 well-being and stability of the race, in which the combined forces 

 of the Court of General Sessions and the policeman's club play but 

 a minor part. The fact that our present civilization is a growth 

 through countless generations, — the result of constant and cumu- 

 lative training, — seems to indicate that a discovery of the method 

 and order of this growth, applied as a method of education, 

 would develop, in a few generations, and in exceptional instances 

 in a single individual, a mental and physical condition approxima- 

 ting that which it has taken countless generations to evolve. That 

 this process is now measurably understood, makes it possible to 

 adapt it to the reform of the criminal class. 



In discussing the question of intermittent industry, it was shown 

 that one of the causes of idle habits was, primarily, physical and 

 mental disease. Now, a large part of the disease which prostrates 

 the community is entirely controllable by sanitary precautions. The 

 first condition, therefore, of social and moral regeneration is public 

 health. The draining of lands, the sewerage of cities, the ventila- 

 tion of houses, the amelioration of tenements, the cleansing of 

 streets, the widening of thoroughfares, the demolition of rear build- 

 ings, the removal of cesspools, the purity of water supplies, the 

 abundance of fresh air, are only a few of the conditions which, if 

 observed, will so improve the health of the general community that 

 they will be more capable, and for that reason more willing, to do their 

 work without exhaustion than they now are. With this increment 

 of vitality they will need less and, therefore, consume less of inebria- 

 ting stimulants than they now do. Public health will react against 

 intemperance in all its forms, and this again will react in maintain- 

 ing and perfecting public health. In a community in which its in- 



