Ill SCIENCE AND MORALS. 135 



I trust that I have, at last, made my case clear, 

 and that henceforth I shall be allowed to rest in 

 peace — at least, after a further explanation or 

 two, which Mr. Lilly proves to me may be neces- 

 sary. It has been seen that my excellent critic 

 has original ideas respecting the meaning of the 

 words " laboratory " and " chemical "; and, as it 

 appears to me, his definition of " Materialist " is 

 quite as much peculiar to himself. For, unless I 

 misunderstand him, and I have taken pains not to 

 do so, he puts me down as a Materialist (over and 

 above the grounds which I have shown to have 

 no foundation); firstly, because I have said that 

 consciousness is a function of the brain; and, 

 secondly, because I hold by determinism. With 

 respect to the first point, I am not aware that 

 there is any one who doubts that, in the proper 

 physiological sense of the word function, con- 

 sciousness, in certain forms at any rate, is a cere- 

 bral function. In physiology we call function 

 that effect, or series of effects, which results from 

 the activity of an organ. Thus, it is the func- 

 tion of muscle to give rise to motion; and the mus- 

 cle gives rise to motion when the nerve which 

 supplies it is stimulated. If one of the nerve- 

 bundles in a man's arm is laid bare and a stimulus 

 is applied to certain of the nervous filaments, the 

 result will be production of motion in that arm. 

 If others are stimulated, the result will be the 

 production of the state of consciousness called 



