138 SCIENCE AND MORALS. iii 



ion now, if anything, more firmly than I did when 

 I gave utterance to it a score of years ago, for it 

 has been justified by subsequent events. But 

 what that opinion has to do with Materialism I 

 fail to discover. In my judgment, it is consistent 

 with the most thorough-going Idealism, and the 

 grounds of that judgment are really very plain 

 and simple. 



The growth of science, not merely of physical 

 science, but of all science, means the demonstra- 

 tion of order and natural causation among phe- 

 nomena which had not previously been brought 

 under those conceptions. Nobody who is ac- 

 quainted with the progress of scientific thinking in 

 every department of human knowledge, in the 

 course of the last two centuries, will be disposed to 

 deny that immense provinces have been added to 

 the realm of science; or to doubt that the next two 

 centuries will be witnesses of a vastly greater an- 

 nexation. More particularly in the region of the 

 physiology of the nervous system is it justifiable to 

 conclude from the progress that has been made in 

 analysing the relations between material and psy- 

 chical phenomena, that vast further advances will 

 be made; and that, sooner or later, all the so- 

 called spontaneous operations of the mind will 

 have, not only their relations to one another, but 

 their relations to physical phenomena, connected 

 in natural series of causes and effects, strictly de- 

 fined. In other words, while, at present, we know 



