214 



THE AMERICAN 



to which it has gone, we shall visit your county during 

 the summer. If unmolested, this Bark-louse will not 

 only spread from one orchard to another, one or two 

 miles distant, hut will in time spread through the whole 

 county, and continue its destructive course like a de- 

 vouring flame , from one county to another, until event- 

 ually the whole northern portion of the State is infested 

 so that orchards may have to be abandoned, as they 

 have often been in other States on this account. 



Those trees which are not cut down , should be closely 

 watched, and thoroughly syringed with strong toliacco- 

 w ater, as soon as the young lice commence crawling 

 about, which will be about the lirst of .June. About two 

 weeks alter this syringing (just the time, by the way, 

 to prune) cut oft' all tlie terminal twigs and burn them, 

 by which means you will be apt to destroy any Uce that 

 escaped the syringing process, as they prefer to fix them- 

 selves around the ends and knots of such young termi- 

 nal twigs. Tlie ladybirds, which devour this as well 

 as the native white species, should also be encouraged. 

 For the benefit of those who are not yet acquainted 

 with the appearance of the Oyster-shell Bark-louse, we 

 produce an illustration (Fig. 132) of an infested piece 

 of ))ark, at the head of this answer. 



TUe Pod-like Willow Oall— ^. H. M., Wood- 

 bum, Jlh.—'tbe oval woody galls, averaging 0.7.5 inch in 

 length and 0.40 inch in diameter, and terminating in a 

 conical beak, which sails you find growing from the tips 

 nalis ?] , and which 

 e Pod-like Willow gall 

 (Salicis Hliqua, Walsh). 

 This gall occurs on no 

 'less than six different 

 Willows, namely, Sali- 

 cis humilis, S. discolor, 

 S. rostrata, S. cordata, 

 S. petiolaris, S. lucida, 

 and if yours were found 

 on S. rlm!?iaUs, that 

 will make tlie seventh, 

 and we therefore hope 

 you will identify the 

 species. Though slight 

 difl'erencesjin size more 

 especially, are notice- 

 able between the galLs 

 growing on the different 

 species of Willow, yet 

 they are all produced 

 by the same species of 

 gall-gnat, which was 

 originally described as 

 Cecidotnyia salicis by 

 C(ii..r -Same as twig; the inrva omiiBc. Dr. Fltch, in the Amer- 

 ican Quarterly Journal of Agriculture and Science. Vol. 

 I, p. 203. The name salicis was, however, already pre- 

 occupied by an European species, and Mr. Walsh after- 

 wards redescribed it under the name of siliqua (Proc. 

 Ent. Soc. Phil., Ill, p. 591). The fly is one of our 

 largest syecics. and the specimens from your galls issued 

 about the middle of April. The pupa when about to 

 ch;iiii;i', wuiio ii-rlf jiMitly <pul oi tlir terminal beak of 



l»ee West—./. B. Muhleman, Woodbvrn, His.— The 

 delicate silken cells, each about 0.22 inch long, which 

 are placed contiguously in a hollow currant stem, the 

 bore of which has a diameter of ^^.^ ^^ ^ 



0.12 inch, are built by some .-ipecies 

 of small bee, and in all probability, 

 as you suggest , by one belonging 

 to the geuus Ceratina. The lar\ a' 

 which are now (March 2.ith) con- 

 tained in these cells agree (as the 

 cells themselves do) very well willi 

 Dr. Packard's description of those 

 of the Double Ceratina (G. dupla, 

 Say»). Should they pro\e to be 

 this species, an important error in 

 its natural history will be correct- 

 ed; for, from the fact that the $ 

 has been observed to deposit eggs 

 in the middle of May, Dr. Pack- 

 ard concludes that there is but one 

 brood each year, and that the per- 

 fect insect hibernates. If we arc 

 right in referring these cells to Cer- 

 atina, however, there are evidently 

 two broods each year, the second 

 brood hibernating in the larva; 

 state; and this seems the more 

 likely , since even in New York and •■ 

 Massachusetts the perfect bees appear in July from eggs 

 deposited in May. We present (Fig. 134) an illustration 

 of these cells at a, and of the magnified larva at 7>; and if 

 we succeed in breeding the bee will report further. 



Beetles Named — S. V. Summers, St. Louis, Mb. — 

 Your insects are as follows: No. 1, ffi/rinus analis, Say. 

 No. 2, Aphodius hicolor, Say. No. 3, EijdrophUus later- 

 alis, Herbst. No. 4, Dineutes assimilis, Kirb. No. 5, 

 Opatrinus notus.&Ay. Ho. 6, Copris amnion, ¥ah\: No. 

 7, Copris Carolina, Linn. No. 8, Geotrupes excrementi. 

 Say. So. 9, Ooprisanaglypticus, Say. No. 10, (A) Con- 

 t/w-n. chalcites, Hald. No. 10, (B) Canthon laivis, Drury. 

 These two are very similar, but chaJcites always has a 

 smooth and loiHx a rough-punctured anus. No. 11, 

 Parandra brunnea, Fabr. No. 12, Pelidnoia punctata, 

 Linn. No. 13, Tenebrio te/iebrioides, Lee. No. 14, an 

 English species, we cannot undertake to name; it is a 

 Mycetophagus, and probably quadripustulatus . No, 15, 

 Philonthus apicalis, Say. No. 16, Pirates picipes, U. 

 Sch. No. 17, Casnonia pennsyUanica, Linn. No. IS, 

 ,Mus marginatus (myriapoda). No. 19, Dennestes nuUlus, 

 Say. No. 20, Chlienius penmylvanicus , Say. No. 21, 

 Platimis punctiformis, Lee. No. 22, Ischyrus, i-puneta- 

 fus, Oliv. No. 23, Betnbidium posticatum, Uald. No. 

 24, Aphodius fimetarius, Fabr. No. 25, Bentbidium Iceei- 

 gatum,Sa,y. No. 20, same as 25. So. il , Oodes cuprteus , 

 Chaud. No. 28, Pterostichus chalcites, Say. No. 29, 



Haltica ? No. 30 we are not acquainted 



with; it must be foreign. No. 31, Bemhidium caudatum, 

 Lee. For the proper determination of se\ oral of them, 

 we are indebted to Dr. Horn, of Philadeli) hia. 



DRAUGHTSMAN "WANTED. 



at the urilice. Our figure 

 showing the larva. 



cuts a section. 



Improviug his knowletijre ill tills Uepiirtiiiei 

 ■lire. Noue but tliose wlio iiave iiiul practic 

 lute objects need apply. For pivticulars and tl 

 editor of tills departmeut. 



