THE 



A Ml ^ R] I! C A\ Nj 



VOL. 2 



ST. LOUIS, MO., OCTOBER, 1870. 



NO. 11. 



(Sniomobgiciil gcpartimnt. 



CHARLES V. RILEY, Editoi 

 e Building, St. Louis, Mo. 



AJWOUNCEMENT. 



We liereby aimoiincc, by tlii; niutiial couscutof 

 both publishers ami editors, tliat tlie American 

 Entomologist and Botanist will be susi)cnrted 

 iliiriirg- the year 1871. It is unnecessary to g-ive 

 tlic several reasons whicli have induced us to 

 ailopt this course. Few persons are aware of 

 I lie labor required to conscientiously manage a 

 jniirnal of this character, and the health of the 

 entomological editor has been so poor of late, 

 and his other duties are so pressing, that he will 

 be glad of the respite which this suspension will, 

 in pnrt, afford. 



Tiio suspension of a journal is generally looked 

 upon as porteuding failure and discontinuance ; 

 but in die present case it has no such meaning. 

 One more number, which will complete Volume 

 II, will be issued before the end of the year, and, 

 nothing preventing. Volume III will commence 

 with the year 1872. All those who receive tliis 

 announcement witli regret, and who intend to 

 renew their subscriiitions in 1872, will do well 

 to signify such intention to the publishers. 



THE CODLING MOTH. 



( Carpocapm pomonella, Linna'us.) 



IIAY-15AND C.V. nA(iS ONE OK TWO liKOOPED. 



After a series of experiments, instituted the 

 past summer, we have proved that, after all, the 

 hay-band around the trunk of the tree is a more 

 ettcctual trap for the Apple-woi-m than the rags 

 placed in the fork of the tree. There is no superi- 

 ority in the rags over the hay-band, unless the 

 former are made to encircle the treeasthorougly 

 as the latter. AVhere rags arc placed simply in 

 the forks, many of tlie worms pass down the tree 

 from the outside of the branches. If the rag is 

 tied around the trunk, it will impede almost 



every worm that crawls down the tree from the 

 fruit whicli hangs on, or that crawls nptlie trunk 

 from tlic fruit which foils; and it tlien has a 

 de(!idcd advantage over the hay-band, because 

 it can either be passed through a roller or stialded, 

 and used again. 



It has been very generally accepted in this 

 country that tlie Codling Moth is double-brooded, 

 and in all our writings on the subject we have 

 stated it to bo so, though no one, so far as we arc 

 aware, ever proved such to be the case beyond a 

 doubt. Mr. P. C. Zellcr, of Stettin, Prussia, 

 informed us last winter that it is only single- 

 brooded in that part of the world, and Harris 

 gives it as his opinion that it is mostly so. 

 Now, such may not improbably be the case 

 in northern Prussia, and the more northern 

 of the United States, though wc incline to 

 believe othei-wise. At all events, this insect is 

 invariably double-broodecftin the latitude of St. 

 Louis, and its natural history maybe bi-ielly told 

 as follows : The tirst moths ajipear, and begin to 

 lay their eggs, soon after the jouiig apples liegin 

 to form. Tlie great bulk of the worms which 

 hatch from these eggs leave the fruit from the 

 middle of May to the middle of June. These 

 siiin up, and in from two to three weeks produce 

 motlis, wliich pair and in their turu commence, 

 ill a fe\v days, to lay eggs again. The worms 

 (si( Olid brood) from these eggs leave the fruit, 

 soiiK- of them as early as the first of September, 

 others as late as Christmas. In either case they 

 spin their cocoons as soon as they have left the 

 apples, but do not assume the pupa state till to- 

 wards spring— the moths from the late matured 

 worms appearing almost as early as those from 

 the earlier matui-cd ones. The two broods inter- 

 lock, so that in July worms of both maybe found 

 in the fruit of one and the same tree. Wc have 

 repeatedly taken worms of the first brood, bred 

 the moths from them, and obtained from these 

 moths the second brood of worms ; and we have 

 done this both on enclosed fruit hanging on the 

 tree in the open air, and on plucked fruit in- 

 doors. In the latter experiments the moths 

 would often cover an apple with eggs, so that 

 when the worms hatched thiy would enter from 



