376^ 



THE AMERICAN 



rounded at the base and sending out on each side 

 one or two long, narrow and somewhat hooked, 

 or sickle-shaped, lobes ; the apes, or point, being 

 also sometimes much prolonged, narrow, and 

 somewhat toothed ; the under surface is covered 

 with a rusty colored down. The acorn is small 

 (rather less than half an inch), roundish, and in 

 a shallow cup. The leaves of this species pre- 

 sent considei'able diversity of size and shape, 

 probably in some cases as the result of hybridiza- 

 tion. The bark is said to be excellent for tan- 

 ning. A variety, triloba, found in New Jersey 

 and elsewhere, is probably a hybrid between 

 this species and Quercus nigra, L. 



[Fig. 2-27.] 



Pin O.ik [Quercus palmlris, DuRoi.) 



The Pin Oak lias a wide geographical range, 

 but is abundant only in certain localities. It is 

 found in low and swampy grounds, and in 

 general appearance much resembles the Scarlet 

 Oak (Quercus coccinea), and perhaps may yet 

 have to be considered a variety of that polymor- 

 phous species. The leaves are deeply divided, 

 with about three spreading lobes, the spaces 



between being broad and rounded toward the 

 midrib. The acorns are small and roundish, 

 about half an inch long, the cup very shallow 

 and as broad as the length of the acorn. It is 

 given by Dr. Cooper as extending from Massa- 

 chusetts to the mountains of Georgia, and from 

 Missouri to Texas. The name Pin Oak is said 

 by some to come from the occurrence of numer- 

 ous pins, or small dead branches, which often 

 beset the lower part of the trunk. 



In the following synoptical table it may be 

 noticed that we have used some common names 

 differently from those applied in the descriptions; 

 thus we have taken the terms Black and Ucd 

 Oaks to indicate sections rather than particular 

 species. 



The Quercus coccinea var. vulgaris (Fig. 212, 

 p. 344) is what we take to be Quercus coccinea 

 of the table. We believe the table will be found 

 correct, and admitting as many species as the 

 most judicious botanists are willing to concede. 

 The reader will bear iu mind tliat the synonyms 

 are inclosed within parentheses. 



Synoptical Tal)le of the Oaks 



SECTION I.— Annual Fruited. 

 * White Oaks — Leaves lobed, deciduous. 



1. Bur Oak, Quercue microcarpa., 'iAich's.. 



Var. oUmeformis, Gr., (Q. olivaeformis , Michx.) 



2. Southern Overcup, Qmrcus lyrata, Walt. 



3. Post Oak, Quereue obtusiloba, Michx., {Q. Hellata, 



Waug.) 

 Var. panifolia, Chap., (var. Flondana, Shut.) 

 t. White OaM., Quereue alba, Ia. [South. 



** Chestnut Oaks — Leaves with bluut teeth. 

 5. Swamp White Oak, Quercus Ucolor, Willd., (Q. 



Prinus, var. discolor, Michx.) 

 :! Chestnut Oak, Quercus Prinus, L. 



Var, monticola, Michx. , ( Q. montuna, Willd.j 

 Var. Michauxii, Chap., (Q. MichauxU, Nutt.) 

 [South, 

 cllow Cliestnut Oak, Quercus Castanea, Muhl., 



(Q. Prinus, var. acuminata, Michx.) 

 Liapin Oak, Quercus prinoides, Willd., 

 Prinus, var. chincapin, Michx.) 



{Q- 



•m-is Live Oaks— Leaves evergreen. 

 Live Oak, Quercus eirens. Ait., (Q. sempem'rens, 

 Catesby.) 

 Var. vmritima. Chap. South. 



Var. dentata. Chap. South. 



SECTION II.— Biennial Fkuited. 



* Willow Oaks — Leaves generally entire, thick and 



])ersistent, and some becoming evergreen far south. 



10. Upland Willow Oak, Quercus cinerea, Michx., (6. 



liumilis, Walt.) 

 Var. pumila, Michx., (Q. pumila, \Valt., Q. 

 sericea, Willd.) 



1 1 . W iUovv Oak, Quercus Phellos, L. 



Var. luurifolia, Chap. South. 



Var. ,iieii„ila, Cliaji. Soutli. 



Var. h.ttnq'hiiUa, ( 'J. h,/cnwk>/Uu, Michx.) 



12. LaUI-cl Ouk, IJ„tna.^ anhrn-uiia, blh-hx. 



Var. Le,i„a, (Q,„n;,s Leana, Nutt.) 



