96 THE KNTOMOLOGIST. 



segments, and should bear corresponding identification numbers. 

 I do not know where or in what form Dr. Hofmann's criticism 

 was pubHshed, and am unacquainted with his arguments, with 

 which mine should be more or less in accord. 



Wlien the imaginal wings of a lepidopteron are examined 

 under a high power, it is seen that veins pass through the 

 nervures (fig. 9), sending forth smaller veins from either side, 

 and still smaller veins, until they pass into the whole wing area. 

 These veins are of course easily seen in the wings of the very 

 large foreign Cossids, but if looked for can always be demon- 

 strated. These veins are not identical with the nervures — the 

 latter act merely as hollow protecting tubes ; nor are the veins 

 confined to the nervures — they may be observed, for instance, 

 on the inner area of the fore wing between the anal nervure and 

 inner margin. These veins, if functional in connection with 

 wing expansion, may also be functional throughout the existence 

 of the insect, the wing being unquestionably a "live" organ. 

 Are the erect wing-bristles and the nervule "discs" of Dr. 

 Chapman associated with the veins ? I know nothing about the 

 matter, but it appears to be one of interest ; perhaps some abler 

 microscopist, or someone who knows where to refer for informa- 

 tion, will tell us something about the matter, which I believe 

 would interest others as well as myself. 



We are concerned, however, with the remarkable constancy 

 of the nervures in maintaining definite positions on the wings, 

 thus affording assistance in classification. 



In the pattern of wing-neuration of Cossus cossiis (fig. 7) some 

 of the radial nervules of the fore wings are forked. Zeuzera 

 pyrijii shows this more definitely than, at any rate, the specimen 

 of C. cossus from which this figure was drawn ; and Professor 

 Comstock's American type of Cossidae — Prionoxystus rohinice — is 

 very definitely forked. Although I have only this material to 

 hand, speaking from memory of other species which I have seen, 

 the forking of the fore wing radial nervules is characteristic of 

 the group. Now, comparing {Culama ?) exi^essa, which I have 

 enlarged (fig. 8), for that purpose (the insect expands 28 mm. to 

 38 mm.), one notes there is no forking of the radial nervules, 

 but the hind wings of cossus and expressa are almost identical. 

 The wing-pattern of the TortricidaB is very similar to that of 

 C. expressa, of fore and hind wings also. 



The imaginal antenna of Zeuzera pyriiii, male, is a partially 

 bipectinate and rather pretty form, the pectination gradually 

 increasing, then decreasing in length droop with gentle curve, 

 forming a convexity with thread-like terminal of unpectinate 

 segments. The antenna is devoid of scales, except on a few 

 basal segments, which have slight dorsal scaling, but none on the 

 dorsa of pectinations. 



Phrafimatcecina arundinis male antenna (fig. 12) is not unlike 



