218 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



person, the parasites Lave travelled into its tissues, and, after taking 

 about nine days to mature, burst, scattering thread-like spores into 

 the mosquito's blood. These threads work their way into the fly's 

 salivary glands, and remain there until they have an opportunity of 

 passing, together with the saliva, into human blood, when the mos- 

 quito perpetrates her next bite. The species of Anopheles are by 

 no means all harmful ; those that cause malaria can be always dis- 

 tinguished by the black spots along the anterior nervures of the wings, 

 the usual species being A. cortalis and A. funestus. Their eggs are 

 canoe-shaped. The larvfe breed in shallow pools of stagnant water, 

 floating flat upon the surface, and feed on Coufervfe. They have no 

 breathmg-tube, and can thus be easily distinguished from the larvae of 

 our commoner gnats which belong to the genera Culex and Steyoinyia, 

 and hang head downwards in the water, with a long breathing-tube 

 projected upwards to the surface. The larvfe of the latter insects 

 breed in tubs, pots, and other vessels lying close to houses. Since the 

 pools were dramed and filled up at Ismalia, a town of six thousand in- 

 habitants, the cases of malaria have fallen from two thousand to two 

 hundred per annum, and these are nearly all relapses, as only ten 

 actually fresh cases were reported last year! — E. J. B. Sopp and J. R. 

 LE B. ToMLiN, Hon. Secretaries. 



Manchester Entomological Society. — ApriL Gth, 1901. — At the 

 Manchester Museum, Owens College ; the President, Dr. W. E. Hoyle, 

 presided. — Mr. A, J. Wilson read a paper entitled " Insects found in 

 North-West Derbyshire and the Surrounding District." The locality 

 referred to includes a part of Lancashire and Cheshire. With the 

 rapid advance oi bricks and mortar, many of the haunts well known 

 years ago cannot now be visited ; but there are still good and satis- 

 factory results to be obtained near such places as Glossop, Hayfield, 

 Marple, Sale, &c. Mr. Wilson illustrated his paper with specimens 

 from four orders of insects, to be taken in the above-named district. 

 The following exhibits were shown by the members : — Mr. B. H. 

 Crabtree, Folia chi (Toxal) var. olivacea (Durham), var. sujfusa 

 (Rotherham); specimen of Blatta amerlcana taken in Ancoats (Man- 

 chesterj. — Mr. G. Kearey, I'edaria pilumria, from Staley Brushes 

 (Feb. 27th, 1904) ; specimens showing the mode in which Sesia 

 bembecifurmis hybernates in its second winter. — Mr. C. F. Johnson, 

 living larvffi of Epunda lickenea. — Mr. Geo. 0. Day, living larvfe of 

 Pericallia syrimjaria, and imagines of Zonosoma pendulaiia var. sub- 

 roseata, Z. annulata var. obsoleta, and other species of the genus. — Mr. 

 W. W. Kinsey, living larv^ of Cleora lichenaria, on lichen, from Wig- 

 townshire. — Mr. R. Tait, jun., insects from Derbyshire localities, and 

 included Metrocampa manjaritaria, Abraxas sylvata [nlinata), Bryophila 

 perla (dark form), Triplutna sabsequa, Plusia pulchrina, F. iota, Xylo- 

 pluisia scolopacina. 



May ith. — The President in the chair. Mr. W. Warren Kinsey 

 read a paper entitled " Collecting the Larvae of Common British Lepi- 

 doptera." Mr. Kinsey stated that most of his work of larvte-collecting 

 had been done within the city of Manchester and the immediate neigh- 

 bourhood, and he considered that the commonest larvae there were 

 those of Odontopera bidentata, Oryyia antiqua, Hadena pisi, Acronycta 

 megacephala, and Na;nia typica. Although the larvee of N, typica were 



