134 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



malaria-infesting genus is Anopheles, which has four Italian species. 

 It is improbable that Culex and other Diptera frequenting malarious 

 places can transmit malaria. 



The species of Anopheles lay their eggs in clear, slowly running or 

 stagnant water, where the eggs and nymphs of Culex are rarely, if ever, 

 found. Sea-water, very strong sulphurous water, continuous ice, or 

 swiftly moving water is injurious to the immature forms. 



The following parallel columns will succintly show the theory and 

 the facts relative to the mode of propagation : — 



1. The infection is most rife 1. Anopheles issnesiovth. in the 

 at sunset and during the night. evening and night to pierce man, 



but lies hidden during the day. 



2. Is limited in distance in 2. Does not fly far from native 

 horizontal, oblique, and vertical place, and does not fly high in 

 directions. the air. 



3. Is not transported by wind, 3. Usually remains hidden 

 which, on the contrary, tends to when the wind blows, 

 diminish it. 



4. "Woods, instead of filter- 4. "Shady or damp woods 

 ing the malarial agents, may be and trees in general are the homes 

 foci of this infection." of mosquitos." 



Water, as proved by a long series of direct experiments, is not 

 the vehicle of malarial infection, neither are alimentary substances. 

 In fact, the malarial parasite Pruteosoma is introduced in the human 

 blood by the mouth-parts of the infected Anopheles. [Extracts, &c., 

 from Celli's paper.] Dr. Grassi is of opinion that man cannot contract 

 malaria without being "bitten" by Anopheles, and "No man, no 

 malaria ; no mosquito, no malaria." Grassi's work on the malaria 

 parasite, at which he has been labouring for sixteen hours a day for 

 eighteen months, will be published very shortly. 



Dr. Koch considers that the proposal recently made to destroy 

 Anopheles larvae will meet with insuperable difficulties in Java, since 

 the more rice fields there are in the neighbourhood of a place and the 

 nearer they are, the greater the abundance of Anopheles; the occurrence 

 of the mosquitos being connected with the extension of rice culture. 



It has been possible only to give a very brief and disjointed notice, 

 but the interested reader is referred to the journal quoted (which is 

 published at Qd.). 



G. W. K. 



MoKTANDON, A. L. Hemiptera Cryptucerata. S. Fam. Mononychinif . 

 Notes et Descriptions d'Especes Nouvelles. (Bull. Soc. Sci. 

 Bucarest, part 1, 1899, viii. Nos. 4 and 5, pp. 1-18; part 2, 

 1900, viii. No. 6, pp. 1-10.) 



In this welcome revision of a difficult and neglected group. Dr. 

 Montandon admits only three genera into the subfamily. The species 

 are all extra-British, and of a more or less undistinguished appearance ; 

 but they merit a close examination, and should be of interest to the 

 local student, inasmuch as they undoubtedly provide information as to 

 some of the stages through which the completely aquatic Naucorinae 



