228 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



A black or dark brown oblique streak on tenth segment below 

 spiracles. Spiracles reddish. 



The pupa is attached by the tail to one of the smaller stems. 

 Length 13 mm. Deep green at head, shading off to pale green 

 at tail. The pupal coverings of the antennae are very black and 

 well defined. Three days before the moth emerges the pupal 

 wing-cases become paler, until almost white. The day before 

 emergence they become darker in colour, until of a very dark 

 bluish green. The first moths emerged on July 2nd, and all 

 were out by July 19th. 



A curious fact respecting the female of this species was noticed. 

 Four females were placed in a glass-covered box, with a few 

 leaves of Clematis, in order to obtain eggs. On removing the 

 glass on July 16th, in order to examine the eggs, a powerful 

 scent was at once noticed. This scent may be described as 

 resembling that in the neighbourhood of pine woods, and, 

 although not unpleasant, was strong enough to be rather sickly 

 and objectionable when the face was held immediately over the 

 box and its contents. In order to definitely settle whether this 

 scent was caused by the moths, a female was taken off the 

 setting-board and the body opened : the same strong scent was 

 at once recognised. It is possible that this scent may serve to 

 attract the other sex, as is stated to be the case with Hepialus 

 hectus. I do not remember seeing any previous record of this 

 peculiarity of the female, nor of the seasonal change of colour 

 of the larva. 



Portchester, Hants : July 19, 1903. 



NOTES ON THE PLUMULES OF BUTTERFLIES.- 



In the males of many Lepidoptera, especially butterflies, we 

 find very remarkable scales, quite different from the ordinary 

 scales, which are called plumules. These scales are either 

 spread over the upper side of the wings among the ordinary 

 scales, or are crowded together over a circumscribed space, and 

 form conspicuous velvety and sometimes raised spots, called 

 brands. Some think that these scales have an attractive odour, 

 which draws the female to its own mate ; but this is not yet 

 absolutely proved. However, it is known that many butterflies 

 and moths, both males and females, emit a peculiar scent. The 

 principal forms of plumules which are found in the scales of 

 butterflies are represented in the accompanying figures, and are 

 the following : — 



-•= Translated from Prof. C, Aurivillius's ' Nordens Fjiirilar ' (Stockholm, 

 1888-1891, pp. viii, ix), by W. F. Kirby. 



