LIFE-HISTORY OF ARGYNNIS LATHONIA. 303 



coloured than the others on the dorsal surface, resembling the 

 super and subs^jiracular ones on the rest of the segments ; all 

 the spines are bristle-bearing ; the claspers are ochreous ; the 

 legs and ventral surface, as well as the head, are black, but the 

 latter is chequered with amber colour. 



A large number of the larvae moulted the fourth and last time 

 on Sept. 1st. When fully grown it measures 1^ in. while crawl- 

 ing ; the body is slightly tapered, mostly so at the anterior end ; 

 each segment has two transverse wrinkles on the posterior half, 

 the anterior half is of one plain surface ; the six rows of spines 

 are moderately long, stout at the base, and sharply pointed ; all 

 bear a number of shining black bristles ; the subdorsal series 

 are olive-brown, with ochreous brown bases ; the super- 

 spiracular series are paler brown, with amber bases, while those 

 of the subspiracular row are wholly amber-brown, palest at the 

 tips. The ground colour is velvety black, the spiracles are 

 black encircled with whitish, the double medio- dorsal line is 

 composed of two longitudinal white streaks on the anterior part 

 of each segment, these being followed posteriorly by a double 

 row of white warts emitting black bristles ; from the base of each 

 dorsal spine is a cream-coloured streak, and two similar streaks 

 from the super-spiracular spines ; these run over the anterior 

 portion only of each segment from the spine to the segmental 

 division ; the subspiracular spine is situated on a buff and cream 

 band, which, however, is clouded in the centre with dark olive ; 

 the ventral surface, like the dorsal, is black and velvety ; the 

 entire body is rather densely sprinkled with pure white minute 

 warts, each emitting a black bristle ; the legs black ; the claspers 

 dull amber-brown ; the head amber on the upper half, the 

 remainder being black, and is beset with bristles like the body. 



When preparing to pupate the larva spins a considerable 

 quantity of silk over part of the plant selected, and an ample 

 pad of silk to grasp with the anal claspers. After hanging for 

 about thirty hours it pupates. 



During the last few days of the larval state they feed most 

 voraciously on the bloom and leaves of both the wild and culti- 

 vated pansy, but not on either dog- or sweet-violet. I noticed 

 they appeared to avoid the strong sunshine by sheltering on the 

 under side of the leaves, and often selecting the most shady part 

 of the plant to rest upon ; but yet they enjoyed warmth, be- 

 coming very active and feeding rapidly on the brightest and 

 warmest days. 



The pupa measures from f in. to f in. in length, the largest 

 producing females. In structure and general formation it most 

 closely resembles the pupa of A. selene. Lateral view : head 

 rounded ; thorax rounded and swollen, sloping off to the meta- 

 thorax and waist ; it then gradually increases in size to the 

 third abdominal segment, from which the abdomen decreases 



