44 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



which hitherto I have considered a necessity. Nos. 1 and 2 would 

 have emerged, I believe, without forcing, only a little later than the 

 dates given, No. 4 changed to a dark colour on Dee. 20th, and as it 

 lost weight considerably, I believed it to be dying. It proved, how- 

 ever, to be a case of slow development, for on Jan. 10th this year, a 

 fine moth emerged. No. 3 is still healthy, but unchanged in colour. 

 Both these latter would, I suppose, in a natural way, have "gone over" 

 till June this year. The experiment of keeping the pupae dry during 

 forcing, although as yet not sufficiently extensive to be regarded as 

 conclusive, still leads me to think tliat with this species a system of 

 forcing, allowing absolute dryness or at most slight atmospheric 

 moisture, offers the best prospect of success. There is no doubt that 

 specimens which naturally would emerge the same year will often do 

 so in spite of excessive moisture, but there is a risk, I think, in 

 applying this treatment to pupaj which would ordinarily " lie over," 

 and in the case of the former, if moisture is not really necessary to 

 their successful emergence, there is little use being at the trouble of 

 providing it. — Frank Littlewood ; Lynn Garth, Kendal, Westmore- 

 land, Jan. 12th, 1902. 



Chcerocampa celerio. — In April, ova, and larvfe in various stages 

 of growth, were to be found freely upon a fleshy-leaved and spreading 

 weed. I took a number of the larger larvae, leaving any under an inch 

 in length, and noticed, particularly "in the larger specimens, small 

 marks or scars upon their backs, and feared they were caused by para- 

 sites ; however, they fed up and attained full growth, some spinning 

 the pupal web, but not a single example changed ; all sickened and 

 died, and produced maggots of a rather large grey dipteron. A fresh 

 lot of smaller larvfe was selected, care being taken that all with any 

 discernible marks were rejected ; still many proved to be stung, and 

 several healthy pupae only resulted. As the ova depositing continued 

 during May, and even into June and July, I obtained as many of the 

 moths as I desired, emergence taking place about three weeks after 

 pupation, several having appeared this month. It may be mentioned 

 that June and July are our coldest months ; further, that this locality 

 is in a dry belt of country, and that to find a hawk-moth in all its 

 stages at such a time is very unusual, the early emergence being 

 interesting from the fact that the weather is cold, and Lepidoptera can 

 scarcely be met with. The most interesting point concerning celerio 

 now in my possession is that fully half of the moths have emerged 

 between eight a.m. and ten a.m., the others appearing during the 

 evening, but they are very sluggish, and can safely be left all day or 

 night, even longer. No doubt they would soon become lively if placed 

 in the sun, the shade temperature here seldom being so low as seventy 

 at midday. In Brisbane district Sphinx camarince larvre may be freely 

 found in May and June, but the moths do not appear for several 

 months. Altogether I examined scores, even hundreds, of celerio 

 larvse, but I failed to discover a single specimen of any size with- 

 out the tell-tale parasitic marks. — F. P. Dodd ; Warburton Street, 

 Townsville, Queensland. 



Two Notes on Cyaniris argiolus. — On May 10th, 1901, I noticed a 

 female of this species fluttering round a rhododendron in my garden 



