214 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the spots in more longitudinal series; posterior wings cretaceous, with 

 obscure dark spots placed transversely on their outer areas ; the veins 

 of both wings more or less ochraceous ; wings beneath as above, but 

 ariterior wings with the spots a little paler. Exp. wings 60 millim. 



Hob. Transvaal ; Pretoria. 



ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE 

 AUCHENOERHYNCHOUS HOMOPTERA. 



By Dr. H. J. Hansen. 



(Continued from vol. xxxiv. p. 154.) 



D. Spikacles and Abdomen.* 



As regards the number of spiracles, I do not know ot any 

 opinions founded upon research other than L. Dufour's erroneous 

 statement (in 1833) for ^he number \iv Cicada (see above), t and 

 WiTLACZiL (in 1885) for^yphlocyba. In the above cited work, 

 ScHioDTB remarks (p. 255): "RhynchotaHeteroptera have without 

 exception ten pairs of spiracles, whose distribution is exactly as I 

 pointed out long ago in the Coleoptera." That is to say, the 

 first pair lie between the pro- and meso-sternum ; the second pair 

 between the meso- and meta- sternum; the third pair "on the 

 insect's back concealed by the wings, between the metanotum 

 and the first tergite of the abdomen " (p. 257) ; the fourth to 

 tenth pairs "lie on the ventral part of the pleural-fold of the 

 abdomen. There are thus seven pairs of ventral abdominal 

 spiracles." In the types of all four families of the Auchenorrhyncha 

 I have likewise found ten pairs of spiracles. In the location of the 

 eight pairs of abdominal spiracles, one finds, moreover, features 

 affording exquisite family characters, and some of these deviate 

 from the rule formulated by Schiodte as being applicable to the 

 Heteroptera. In discussing the abdominal spiracles it will be at 

 the same time necessary to deal with some points in the structure 

 of the abdomen, and each of the families must be treated 

 separately as regards this ; while, on the other hand, the thoracic 

 spiracles appear not to offer special differences in the several 

 families, and the latter can therefore be considered together. 



a. Thoracic Spiracles. 

 1. Spiracles between the pro- and meso-thorax lie in the soft 

 articulating membrane between these two sclerites, almost under 



* A somewhat different account has been given of the spiracles by 

 Verhoeff (1894, Verb. Naturh. Vereins Rheinlands, vol. 1. pp. 307-74; 

 abstract in 1893, Entom. Nacbr. xix. pp. 369-80), but Handlirsch has recently 

 fully confirmed Hansen's account (1899, Verb. zool. botau. Gesellsch. Wieu. 

 xlix. pp. 449-510 ; see also ' Entomologist,' 1900, p. 20).— G. W. K. 



f This refers to the Hibtorical resume^ not translated. — G. W. K. 



