BUTTERFLY COLLECTING IN SOUTHERN ANDALUSIA. 229 



gigantic umbrella pines, I added the following to my list : — 

 Papilio podalii'ius YSiY.feisthamelii, Euchloe belemia and var. glauce, 

 E. euphenoides, E. cardainines (one), Oonepteryx cleopatra, Chry- 

 sophanus phloeas, Callophrys riibi, Lyccena astrarche, Vanessa 

 polychloros. 



During the first few days the weather was very hot — ab- 

 normally so, even for Andalusia ; but during the last ten days of 

 the month it became very unsettled and cloudy, with rain at 

 frequent intervals, and with but little sunshine ; my collecting, 

 however, continued whenever opportunities occurred, but by the 

 end of March I had only added to the list Euchloe belia and 

 Pieris daplidice on March 24th, and Papilio machaon and Lycana 

 icariis on March 25th. 



The commonest butterflies during this month at Jerez were 

 Colias edusa and Pyrameis cardui, which seem to be very abun- 

 dant throughout Andalusia. P. atalanta was also common, and 

 appeared to be in quite a fresh condition. Apparently this 

 species emerges early in the spring ; none of the specimens 

 appeared to have hybernated. Pieris hrassicce was also common 

 everywhere. 



From April 1st to 4th I collected at Konda. I felt well 

 repaid for my journey thither, not only on account of the 

 interesting old place, with its wonderful rocky gorges 530 ft. 

 deep in the centre of the town, and its lofty surrounding moun- 

 tains, but also by reason of my successful collecting. I found a 

 lovely spot about two miles south of the town on the banks of 

 the Guadalevir, well wooded with olives, pines, and ilex, with a 

 thick undergrowth of mytles and bay trees, and abounding with 

 white and purple cistus and other beautiful flowers, precipitous 

 rocks rising on every side ; this was my daily collecting ground, 

 and here I found butterflies in abundance. Tliestor bcdlus was to 

 be seen in great numbers, accompanied by Callophrys ruhi, which 

 I have never seen in such profusion, except at Digne, in Provence. 

 Gonepteryx cleopatra was in great numbers, and added greatly to 

 the beauty of the scene, at least in my eyes. Euchloe belia and 

 E. belemia were also very common, but the chief prize was 

 E. tagis, which was to be seen here in profusion. It is easily 

 distinguished when on the wing from the other two species, 

 being of much more feeble flight, and easier of capture. E. 

 belemia, though very common, is not easy to take ; it has a way 

 of evading the net by a dexterous doubling movement, of which 

 E. tagis seems to be incapable. E. belia also is a strong-winged 

 species, and requires a great deal of negotiation, but E. tagis is 

 easily taken ; I took fifty specimens in two days, and might 

 have taken very many times that number if I had chosen to do 

 so. This was my first acquaintance with the typical form of the 

 species ; hitherto I had only known it in its Provencal form 

 bellezina, from which it is very distinct. It is very constant, 



