336 THE KN'l'OMOLOGIST. 



Malcolm Burr. "The Earwigs of Ceylon."' 1902, Joiim. Bombay 

 Nat. Hist. Soc. for 1901, pp. 59-78 and 316-36 ; two plates (one 

 coloured). 

 A VALUABLE accoiuit of the Sinhalese Forficularia, which are of 

 special interest as embracing the long enigmatic Dyscntina, now, 

 through the researches of E. E. Green, known to be the larva of 

 Dipbitys. After an introduction dealing with tlie external morphology 

 of the group,''' the genera and species are fully discussed systematically. 

 Fifteen genera and thirty-five species (four new) are credited to the 

 fauna ; of these seventeen are precinctive, ten confined to the Southern 

 Oriental Region, three extend over this and also over the Malayan 

 Archipelago, one of the latter also over Polynesia ; one is found in the 

 Kamemns, and in Ceylon, and four are cosmopolitan. The large pro- 

 portion — practically 50 per cent. — of precinctive species is doubtless 

 due largely to the indifference of collectors in the Oriental Region. 

 The two plates, by Mr. Schuster, are carefully drawn and effective. 



Geographical Distrihutiun. — R, F. Schakff publishes a preliminary 

 note on the influence of the Pyrenees on the animal migrations be- 

 tween France and Spain. The details are taken from Vertebrata and 

 MoUusca, with the exception of a reference to the butterfly Pariiassius 

 apollu, but the conclusions will be interesting to other workers. Dr. 

 Scharflf states (a) that although the Pyrenees formed an obstacle to 

 the migration of animals between France and Spain, and rice versa, 

 nevertheless they would readily be able to go round on the east and 

 west sides; and (^) that the older, widely distributed species have 

 travelled mostly over the mountain-ridges. It is also to be accepted 

 as a fact that this migration took place in most cases before the Ice 

 Age (" Uber den Einfluss der Pyrenaen auf die Tierwanderungen 

 zwischen Frankreich und Spaiiien," 1902 Verb. V. Internat. Zool. 

 Congr. Berlin, 1901, pp. 1-5 [sep. ?] ) 



Rhynchota. — Mrs. C. H. Fernald discusses the application of tlie 

 type of the Linnean genus Coccus, and concludes that that distinction 

 should be conferred upon hesperidiun Linne. Coccus, therefore, replaces 

 Leca Ilium Burmeister (= Calypticus and Calymnatus Costa). The 

 species so long known as Coccus cacti will, as shown by Cockerell, 

 now bear the name Monophlebus cacti. We are glad to learn that Mrs. 

 Fernald will soon publish a synonymic Catalogue of the Coccidae. 

 Owing to their economic importance, stability in their nomenclature 

 is more important even than in other groups, and many wide changes 

 have been effected in this respect since the appearance, in January, 

 1899, of the first supplement to Cockerell's Check-list (1902, " On 

 tlie type of the genus Coccus, L." Canadian Entom., pp. 232-3). 



* Mr. Burr believes that many "so-called cases of gynandromorphism 

 are merely males with one branch of the forceps undeveloped, i. e. simple, 

 and resembling those of the female. In all the instances that I have seen 

 there have been nine abdominal segments visible, as in the normal male." 



