LIFE-HISTOKY OF COLIAS HYALE. 169 



length. It finally became fully grown on April 6th, and mea- 

 sured one and one- sixth inch long, but died the following day. 



To Mr. J. H Carpenter my especial thanks are due, as with 

 his assistance I have been able to complete the life-history of 

 this species. He obtained a large number of ova from a female 

 captured at Sheerness on August 18th last. The larvse started 

 hybernation at the same time as those of all the others we had 

 under observation, when fortunately he placed them all (between 

 two hundred and three hundred) in a store room which, from its 

 situation, remained at a fairly uniform temperature throughout 

 the winter ; during the coldest nights it did not go below about 

 42°. The plants on which the larvse were confined were kept 

 near a window, and were unattended to all through the winter, 

 consequently the plants dried up, which evidently is the cause 

 of the success he has attained with them, which he says is due 

 more to accident than otherwise, as he had but shght hopes of 

 pulling them through, so left them unattended. From the result 

 of our observations, it appears that it has been the moisture 

 from the mould in the pots containing the living plants, which 

 were kept watered through the winter, that caused so much 

 fatality with Messsrs. Cope's, Hawkins's, and my own larvae. 

 As the temperatures mine were subjected to until the end 

 of January were almost similar to those in Mr. Carpenter's 

 possession, it therefore seems evident that it is during hyber- 

 nation that they require dryness, and to be kept from frost. 

 After hybernation my friend had about two hundred larvae living ; 

 but many of them died subsequently, no doubt from being ex- 

 posed to a few (two or three) degrees of frost, coupled with the 

 dampness then arising from the freshly potted plants. He has, 

 however, met with so much success that, at the time of writing, 

 he now has over one hundred pupae. When I examined his 

 larvse on March 9th, I found they were in the same stages as 

 those I had. On April 24th I again visited him, and found he 

 had about one hundred and twenty larvfe, many about full grown, 

 and a couple of pupae ; the first one pupated on April 20th. This 

 and some larvse he very kindly gave me (from this pupa a male 

 emerged on May 7th). With this aid I have completed figuring 

 and describing the final stages of this butterfly. 



As all the earliest stages from the deposition of the ^egg to 

 second moult inclusive, I published in the ' Entomologist, 1892, 

 vol. XXV. pp. 271-274, I will now continue with the various 

 remaining stages — from larvae which hatched on August 29th, 

 1900, from ova deposited August 19th. The hybernation stages 

 are after the second and third moults. 



After the third moult when hybernating and one hundred and 

 eight days old, it measures t% i"- ^^^S 5 colour uniformly green, 

 the spiracular line whitish green, dilated and divided into four lobes 

 of unequal sizes ; on the second one, which is the largest, is placed 



