170 THK ENTOMOLOGIST. 



the large conspicuous shining black spiracle ; on the adjoining 

 posterior lobe is a primrose-yellow oblique blotch ; each segment 

 is transversely and deeply wrinkled, the centre one so much so 

 that it gives each segment a double appearance. The entire 

 surface is densely sprinkled with black shining warts of various 

 sizes, some extremely minute, each one emitting a black shining 

 bristle; these are straight on the dorsal surface, and rather 

 curved on the lateral region, all being directed in various posi- 

 tions. The head, legs, and claspers are similar to the body, all 

 being covered with bristles, and of a green colour. The body is 

 also extremely finely granulated with the minutest black specks, 

 principally on the dorsal area ; these, together with the black 

 bristles, give the larva a dark green colour and a rough appear- 

 ance. From this stage the large black spiracles become less 

 conspicuous. 



After hybernation and after third moult — over one hundred 

 and sixty days old — it measures ^ in. long; the whole colouring 

 clearer and lighter than during hybernation ; the head ochreous- 

 olive, and the spiracular line pale lemon-yellow. 



About a week after the fourth moult — two hundred and twenty 

 days old — it measures | in, long ; the general colouring and form 

 almost exactly similar to the previous stage, excepting the spira- 

 cular line is rather whiter, and in some specimens the yellow 

 markings on the line are faintly shown ; the spiracles in most 

 cases are less black, having whitish centres, and the head is 

 generally ochreous tinged with green, but some have almost 

 clear green heads. 



After fifth and last moult— fully grown — it measures 1^ in. 

 long ; is almost cylindrical but slightly largest at the third 

 segment, and tapering at the anal segments. The ground colour 

 is a clear light green, but has a darkish velvety appearance, due 

 to the entire surface being densely sprinkled with black warts, 

 each emitting a moderately long bristle, which are black all 

 over the dorsal surface, and white on the ventral surface ; each 

 wart is encircled with whitish green, and the intervening spaces 

 have excessively minute black granulations ; the spiracular line 

 is tricoloured, having a white upper border running the whole 

 length, the anterior half on each segment is a beautiful rich 

 lemon-yellow reaching just beyond the spiracle, then deepening 

 into orange-vermilion, which fades into orange posteriorly ; the 

 spiracle is white, very finely outlined with black. The head, 

 claspers, and legs are green, and covered with bristles similar 

 to the body. 



There is considerable variation in the colouring of the spira- 

 cular line ; in some specimens the orange-vermilion is replaced 

 by deep gamboge-yellow, and a remarkable variation occurs in 

 some specimens by having a conspicuous black spot immediately 

 below the spiracular line, precisely similar to edusa ; in some 



