LIFE-HISTORY OF COLIAS HYALE. 171 



these spots occur from the third to the eleventh segments in- 

 clusive ; in others it is only on a few of the segments, while 

 others have no trace whatever of them ; but usually, when they 

 do occur, they are not so large as in edusa. The similarity 

 between the larva of the two species is remarkable, and the only 

 differences which I can detect are as follows : — In hyale the black 

 spots below the line are usually less in size, also in number, or 

 altogether absent ; the red of the spiracular line extends further, 

 and that the bristles are somewhat darker and longer than those 

 of edusa. 



The pupa: the length varies from |-| to f in., and 5- in. in 

 greatest diameter ; the head terminates in a short straight beak, 

 the thorax is humped dorsally, the abdomen rounded and 

 tapering to the anal point ; wings ample, rounded and swollen 

 in the middle, reaching the division between the fifth and sixth 

 abdominal segments, base of wings angular ; dorsal half of head 

 dark green, ventral half light green, the two shades being divided 

 by a light greenish yellow stripe, which extends along the inner 

 submargin of the wing and spiracular line, enclosing the incon- 

 spicuous whitish spiracles. The whole of the dorsal surface varies 

 from pale green to light greenish yellow, in some specimens it is 

 decidedly yellow ; there is a medio-dorsal longitudinal line rather 

 darker than the ground colour. The wings are of a duller and 

 darker green, as are the legs and antennae. The ventral surface 

 of the abdomen is of the same yellow-green as the dorsal surface. 

 The inner margin of the wing is dusky green, which borders on 

 the submarginal yellow line. • A subspiracular series of three 

 minute black dots on the abdomen, and below these a lateral 

 dark purplish brown band composed of four oblong markings, 

 one on each segment from the wings downwards, the last being 

 very pale and small. On the wing a sub-hind-marginal series 

 of six black dots, each situated between the nervures and a 

 central black discal dot. It is suspended by a belt of silk round 

 the middle, and the attachment of the anal hooks to a silken pad 

 spun upon the stem of the plant. 



The resemblance between the pupa of hyale and edusa is 

 almost identical, the only differences which appear to be constant 

 are that the head beak of hyale is straight, which in edusa is 

 slightly upturned, and the apex of the wing in the latter does 

 not reach so far down the abdomen as in hyale. 



The first specimen, a male, emerged on May 7th, 1901. 



Croydon : May 11th, 1901. 



