NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 311 



by myself in this neighbourhood on August 20th, 1892 ; whilst of the 

 three next in point of size, one was captured at Seale, Surrey, by the 

 Rev. C. R. Digby on August 23rd, 1892, and another in this neigh- 

 bourhood by myself on August 24th, 1886. Curiously enough, these 

 three August specimens are the only ones out of the seventeen males 

 of which the actual dates of capture are known to me, and the two 

 of them that fell to me are the only examples of P. pidplna that 

 I have ever taken. — Eustace R. Bankes ; Norden, Corfe Castle, 

 October 22nd. 



Referring to Mr. A. J. Lawrance's note [ante, p. 288) on the appear- 

 ance of a second brood of P. palpma, I may mention that I captured 

 five perfect specimens of this moth at light between the 8th and 12th 

 August last. These, I think, were undoubtedly specimens of a second 

 brood. — Philip J. Barraud ; Bushey Heath, Herts. 



With reference to Mr. A. J. Lawrance's note in last month's 

 'Entomologist,' I beg to say that this species appears to be constantly 

 double-brooded. In this neighbourliood I usually see full-grown larvae 

 at the end of June or beginning of July, and again in September, and 

 whenever I breed it I always find it double-brooded. This was also 

 my experience some years ago in Devonshire. It is a favourite species 

 of mine, and I have bred great numbers of them at different times. — 

 Gervase F. Mathew ; Dovercourt, Essex, October 17th, 1901. 



Pachycnemia hippocastanaria Double-brooded. — In answer to Mr. 

 Carr's query regarding a late emergence of P. hippocastanaria {ante, 

 288), I find, on reference to my note-books, that it occurred pretty 

 freely on Shirley Heath, Surrey, in the seventies, both in April (the 

 usual date being about the 20th of that month) and in August; also 

 that from larva swept from heather in the same locality in September, 

 I reared moths in the following January and February, and from 

 others taken in the same way and place in June moths appeared in 

 July, the pupae in both cases being kept indoors in a fairly warm room. 

 In later years I have met with the imago in some numbers at Oxshott 

 both in April and August. As my notes extend over a number of 

 years, I think the late brood cannot be regarded as in any way excep- 

 tional. — Robert Adkin ; Lewisham, October, 1901. 



Perhaps my experience as to P. hippocastanaria being regularly 

 double- brooded may be of interest to Mr. Carr and others. Before 1899 

 I cannot speak with certainty, as I did not at that time keep a diary of 

 the occurrence of the more common species; but in both 1899 and 

 1900 I found it fairly abundant in July and the earlier part of August 

 on our Cribrum heaths here whilst in search of Selidusenia ericetaria 

 and Agrotis arjathina, their condition being on the whole very good. 

 This year my collecting rambles did not take me in that quarter. 

 Until Mr. Carr's note appeared on the subject, I had no idea it was at 

 all uncommon for a second brood to occur. — Fred. G. Bellamy ; Ring- 

 wood, October 17th, 1901. 



In reference to Mr. F. M. B. Carr's note as to a late brood of P. 

 hippocastanaria, I took five specimens of this insect in excellent con- 

 dition at Midhurst, Sussex, on July 22nd, 1901, by working the common 

 after dark with an acetylene lamp. — Alfred E. Tonge ; " Glen Royd," 

 Devon Crescent Road, Red Hill, October 5th, 1901. 



